Mountain-ashes. Many small white flowers in spring and red 
berries, persistent in winter, characterize these shrubs and trees of 
the North including Alaska and mountains southward. 
Plant for ornament and wildlife cover and food. In the East, 
insect borers may be destructive. 
Oregon-grape. This and related western species of mahonia, 
hollygrape, or barberry, are hollylike evergreens with leathery glossy, 
spiny-margined leaflets, golden-yellow flower clusters, and blue-black 
berries. 
Use for foundation plantings and ground covers. 
Mockoranges. Several species in the Southeast and West, known 
also as philadelphus and syringa, have many large fragrant flowers 
with four or five white petals. 
Plant as compact ornamental shrubs and screens. 
26 
Bitterbrush. A member of the rose family, this gray-green shrub 
with yellow flowers is widely distributed throughout the West. It 
is long-lived, exceptionally drought resistant, and thrives under 
rigorous conditions. 
Plant for ornament, food for wildlife and livestock, and ground 
cover. 
Yucca. Several species with sharp-pointed daggerlike leaves and 
clusters of large white flowers are found in the Southwest and 
Southeast. 
Plant for ornament and erosion control. 
CLIMBERS AND CLINGERS 
Wild grapes. These high-climbing vines are widely distributed 
in moist sunny areas but absent in parts of the West. The small 
dark blue grapes are prized by birds and fur bearers, while the foliage 
if often shiny and turns red or purple in autumn. Plant for fast- 
growing screens of dense foliage, erosion control, and for wildlife 
food. 
Virginia creeper. A grapelike eastern clinging vine that usually 
has five-toothed leaflets which turn brilliant scarlet, and small blue- 
black berries. A relative of wild grapes, it has similar uses. 
American or climbing bittersweet. This hardy eastern twining 
vine is attractive in autumn for the clustered yellow seed capsules, red 
seeds, and yellow foliage. Male and female flowers usually are on 
different plants. 
Common trumpet-creeper or trumpetvine. A handsome 
clinging southeastern vine that bears clusters of large orange to scarlet 
trumpet-shaped flowers. It is common and often a weed in moist 
areas. Use for large-scale plantings. 
Yellow or Carolina jessamine. A handsome twining south- 
eastern vine with paired narrow evergreen leaves and golden masses 
of trumpetlike fragrant flowers in spring. Plant for vines and ground 
cover on banks and roadsides in the Southeast. 
Blackberries. ‘The prickly, partly climbing stems form thickets 
of wildlife cover in moist open places across the continent. The 
blackberries are important food for wildlife and man, while the 
large five-petaled white flowers are showy. 
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