NOISES OF INSECTS, 391 
rius, and Copris lunaris); with the carrion-chafer ( Trox 
sabulosus); and others of the Scarabeide. The bury- 
ing-beetle (Necrophorus Vespillo), Auchenia melanopa, 
EL B., Crioceris merdigera, and Dytiscus Hermanni, and 
many other Coleoptera, produce a similar noise by the 
same means. When this noise is made, the movement 
of the abdomen may be perceived; and if a pin is intro- 
duced under the elytra it ceases. Long after many of 
these insects are dead the noise may be caused by pres- 
sure. Rosel found this with respect to the Scarabeide?, 
and I have repeated the experiment with success upon 
Necrophorus Vespillo. The capricorn tribes (Ceramby- 
cide) emit under alarm an acute or creaking sound— 
which Lister calls querulous, and Dumeril compares to 
the braying of an ass>—by the friction of the thorax, 
which they alternately elevate and depress, against the 
neck, and sometimes against the base of the elytra*. On 
account of this, Prionus coriarius, ¥. is called the fiddler 
in Germany‘. Two other coleopterous genera, Cychrus 
and Clytus, make their cry of Nolc me tangere by rub- 
bing their thorax against the base of the elytra. Prmelia, 
another beetle, does the same by the friction of its legs 
against each other®. And, doubtless, many more Coleo- 
ptera, if observed, would be found to express their fears 
by similar means. 
In the other orders the examples of cries of terror are 
much less numerous. A bug (Cimex subapterus, De G.) 
when taken emits a sharp sound, probably with its ro- 
strum, by moving its head up and down‘. Ray makes 
@ Rosel, II. 208. 
> Raii Hist. Ins. 384. Dumeril. Trait. Element. ii. 100. n. 17. 
© De Geer, v. 58. 69. Rosel, IY. ii. 5. 4 Rosel, ibid. 
¢ Latr. Hist. Nat. x. 264. De Geer, ili, 289. 
