214 BIOGBAPHY OF BZE-KEEPEES. 



- -unfecundated— which producesmales or drones. The other— fertilized 

 — which produces workers, and these — when developed with royal jelly 

 in queen cells — produce perfect females or queens. 



Second. As to Queens. — That they are the only perfect females; that 

 they leave the hive early in life to meet the drones on the wing; that 

 they are incapable of fertilization after the third week of life, and ever 

 after lay only drone eggs; that one impregnation lasts for life, after 

 which they lay eggs regularly arranged in the comb, one egg in each 

 cell; that workers which have been partially fed on royal jelly some- 

 times lay eggs, but irregularly and only such as produoo drones. He 

 exploded the idea that workers were neuters, proving them to be un_ 

 developed females. 



Third. As to Pollen. —That pollen is the natural food of young bees 

 orlarvee, when prepared by the nursing bees; that without it brood 

 cannot be reared, and that honey is the chief food of the mature bees . 



Fourth. That wax is a secretion from the body of the bee, and not 

 gathered as previously supposed. That it is made chiefly from the sac- 

 charine part of honey. 



As his views were received and adopted, others were led to improve 

 on the Leaf Hive. First, by changing the shape of the edges to prevent 

 the destruction of bees in shutting the leaves, then by arrangements for 

 elevating one frame at a time into a glass case for examination, then by 

 using the simple bar, after the Grecian method, lifted from the top of 

 the hive. Then with bar and frames on the principle of a hive within a 

 hive modified and improved as found to-day among apiarians. 



Naturally bars led to frames. Huber obviated the necessity of cutting 

 the comb loose by having it built in sections of the hive. But for practi- 

 cal reasons the bar and frame was soon used within boxes answering 

 the same purpose . 



