226 BIOGEAPHr OF BEE-KEEPERS. 



Mrs. Ellen S. Tupper has most satisfactorily proven thai women may 

 successfully follow this new business. With great industry and per- 

 severance she maintained and educated her large family mainly by bee. 

 keeping. A close observer and pithy writer, she has done much to at- 

 tract attention to this industry. Misfortunes, however, have followed 

 her. At one time her apiary was destroyed by a hurricane. A few years 

 afterwards her house was burned in winter, which involved the loss also 

 of all her bees, as they were wintering in the cellar. Heart-broken and 

 almost, if not quite, demented by losses and physical prostration, other 

 troubles thickened around her, but she is again recovering physically, 

 mentally,and pecuniarily. She has again gathered an apiary, and with a 

 woman's perseverance amid trials, comes forward again with her pen to 

 help the cause she loves. It was Mrs. Tupper who first announced sue. 

 cess in artificial fertilization of queens. Though pronounced impossible 

 her statement is verified by recent experiments. 



Foremost among German apiarians stands Dzierzon,a Soman Catholic 

 Priest, of Carlesmarkt, in Silesia. In 1838 he adopted a hive with movable 

 bars alone, which was afterward greatly improved. He first discovered that 

 bees will take flour instead of pollen in spring, and introduced its use, 

 but he is best know as the author of the theory of the "Parthenogene- 

 sis of the Queen," so long derided, but now thoroughly established and 

 accepted. His improvements and remarkable success in bee-culture 

 attracted great attention throughout Germany and rapidly created a 

 revolution in German bee-keeping. 



Eev. E. Van Slyke is well known to the readers of the 

 bee journals of America, as a scientific apiarist of the most progress- 

 ive school. He commenced in New York City, in 1867, the publication 

 of the American Bee Gazette. It was through its foreign columns that 

 American bee-keepers first became acquainted with the honey extractor 



