BEE MANUAL. 7 
MODERN ART OF BEE-KEEPING. 
This may be considered to have commenced with the second 
half of the present century, although the most important strides 
in the progress of the honey industry have only taken place 
within the last twenty years. In the year 1845, the results of 
Dzierzon’s investigations were first made known in the Lichstadt 
Bienen-Zeitung, and in 1848 his book on the “Theory and 
Practice of Bee Culture” was published at the instance of the 
Prussian Government. Not many years afterwards, Lang- 
stroth’s work on “‘The Hive and Honey Bee,” and Quinby’s 
“Mysteries of Bee-keeping Explained,” appeared almost simul- 
taneously in America. All these men had been working inde- 
pendently for some twenty years, studying the habits of the 
bee, and inventing a hive and a system which should enable 
the apiarist to control the working of his bees, and to obtain 
the largest amount of surplus honey without injury to them. 
They all attained a very high degree of success, and they 
bestowed the knowledge of their successful labours upon the 
public nearly at the same time. All their works have great 
and independent merits, and must always remain as classics in 
bee literature. To Dzierzon must be allowed the merit of having 
so completely worked out and supplemented Huber’s theory 
with regard to the physiology of the bee, and also the priority 
at least in the publication of his system of bar-hives. Lang- 
stroth and Quinby both produced frame-hives, simpler and 
more practical than that of Dzierzon, and each of them have 
their advocates to the present day. Subsequently the inven- 
tion of the honey extractor, of comb-foundation, and a number 
of ingenious implements and appliances, have led to a complete 
revolution in the practice of bee-keeping, and helped to raise it 
to the rank of an important national industry which can no 
longer be neglected in any country possessing the natural capa- 
bilities for its establishment. 
BEE-KEEPING IN NEW ZEALAND AND AUSTRALIA. 
None of the countries of the New World, of North or 
South America, or of Australasia, were found, when first dis- 
covered, to possess any variety of the true honey-bee (Apis 
mellifica) ; a necessary preliminary, therefore, to the practice of 
bee-culture in any of those regions was the introduction of bees 
