BEE MANUAL. 15r 
of the bands arms project two inches; each being furnished with 
a pintle, which is made to fit in the socket-pieces, and so form 
hinges like those of a field gate. These hinges allow of the 
baskets being turned so as to take each other’s place, and thus 
bring the opposite side of the comb to the front, after one side 
has been extracted. The baskets turn towards the centre. 
The spindle, or journal, is a #in. round iron bar, 37in. long. 
A short distance from the top and bottom ends are two six- 
sided nuts. From each of the six sides of each nut the sup- 
porting arms of the framework project; these are made of 3in. 
round iron, their ends being screwed on to the framework. 
The lower part of the spindle works in a socket fastened on to 
the bottom of the case, while the top passes through a curved 
bar of iron which is screwed on to opposite sides of the case. 
Fig. 67,_COWAN’S AUTOMATIC BASKET. 
A handle 10in. long fits on to the spindle above the bar of 
iron, and is made secure by a screw-nut. At one side of the 
bottom a honey-tap is fastened in, and the extractor is complete. 
The only alteration I found necessary to make, after some 
trial of the machine, was to attach a gearing with multiplying 
power, having the driving handle at the side instead of working 
direct from the spindle, as in the figure. This enables the 
operator better to regulate the speed and keep the basket 
revolving at an uniform rate. With this machine one man can 
do nearly three times as much work as with a two-comb 
extractor, and with but little more labour. 
Mr. T. W. Cowan, who has done much to improve apiculture 
in England, has invented an arrangement, shown above, by 
which the baskets of the extractor are made to turn automati- 
