238 AUSTRALASIAN 
long and tapered at their lower ends. These are fastened to a 
top bar in the usual way of making an ordinary frame. All 
that is necessary now is to fasten the end bars to the centre of 
the ends of the rectangular frame in such a manner that the 
latter will turn under the top bar. 
QUEEN EXCLUDER HONEY BOARD. 
This device is for preventing the queen entering and laying 
in the upper boxes. It is usually made of a sheet of perforated 
zinc (Fig. 111), and is placed over the frames of the lower hive. 
The perforations are a scant =*, of an inch in width ; this space 
allowing the workers tc pass through, but restraining the queen. 
Mr. D. A. Jones, of Canada, who raises his comb-honey at the 
side of the brood-chamber, places a sheet of this perforated 
zinc between the brood-frames and sections. They have been 
extensively used in England, and a number of bee-keepers in 
America have lately tried them, but I do not think they are 
likely to come much into favour. I believe that any advantages 
gained by their use will be more than counterbalanced by some 
great disadvantages, such as creating a tendency to swarm by 
confinement of the brood-chamber, and the extra time taken by 
the workers getting into the supers. It appears to me that it 
would be more profitable to run the risk of having brood in the 
surplus boxes occasionally, rather than that of having extra 
swarms. 
TAKING SURPLUS HONEY. 
When storing in the surplus boxes is in full swing, and 
honev coming in rapidly, it should be taken away as soon as 
ready. Sections should be removed as soon as finished (but 
not until every cell has been capped), and empty ones put in 
their places. Any propolis or wax that may be about the edges 
