328 
Hive Cramp.—A machine for press- 
ing the four parts of a hive firmly 
together while nailing them. 
Honery Boarp.—A board or frame- 
work placed between the frames of 
the lower hive and super to prevent 
the bees building comb from the 
lower to the upper frames and so 
fastening them together. (See pages 
141 to 144.) 
Hyprip.—A mule or mongrel pro- 
duced by parents of different species 
or varieties. In the latter case, 
where both parents belong to the 
same species, the progeny is more 
correctly termed a cross; but it is 
the custom of apiarists to call all 
crosses between varieties of the 
Apts mellifica hybrids. 
HyYMENOPTERA.—The order of insects 
with four membranous wings, to 
which the family Apidee and the 
genus Apis belong. 
ImaGo.—The last form assumed by 
insects in their transformation from 
the larva before emerging as a com- 
plete insect. 
InsEcta.—Insects. The class of arti- 
culated animals which includes the 
gub-class Hexapoda, the order Hy- 
menoptera, family Apidee, and the 
genus Apis. 
INTRODUCING A QUEEN. — Giving a 
strange queen to a colony of bees 
which has become queenless. 
INTRODUCING CAGE.—A small cage in 
which the queen is placed for pro- 
tection when introducing her. (See 
page 223 ) 
JELLY, ROYAL. —-The food prepared by 
bees for the larvee which are in- 
tended to be developed into queens. 
(See page 73.) 
LARVA (pl. LARV#).—The maggot or 
grub hatched from the egg, which 
is afterwards developed into the 
pupa or nymph, and ultimately into 
the imago and perfect insect. 
MANIPULATION. — Handling. In a 
more general sense, the process of 
treating or dealing with things even 
where actual manual contact is 
avoided. Bees and honey may be 
manipulated without being touched 
by the hand. 
MARRIAGE FLIGHT, OR WEDDING 
FLIGHT.—(See FLIGHT.) 
METAL Supports. — Uusually, but 
wrongly, termed tin rabbets; strips 
of metal (generally tin), about an 
inch wide, tacked on each end of 
the hive inside for the purpose of 
ee the frames. (See Chap. 
GLOSSARY. 
METAMORPHOSIS. — Transformation, 
as from the larva to the complete 
insect. d 7 en 
MICROPYLE.—The minute opening in 
the egg of the bee through which 
the spermetozoon is introduced. 
(See page 69.) ; ; 
NEcTAR.—The liquid saccharine mat- 
ter secreted and exuded by plants 
in their blossoms or flowers. 
NEcTARY.—That portion of the flower 
in which the nectar is exuded for 
the purpose of attracting insects. 
NOB — According to a general 
rule. | 
NUCLEUS (pl., NUCLEI).—Literally, the 
kernel of a nut; figuratively, the 
source from which something is to 
be developed. Used by apiarists to 
signify a small colony of bees in- 
tended for queen rearing. 
NURSING BEES.—Those which attend 
to the feeding of the larve; gene- 
rally young bees so employed for 
about two weeks before leaving the 
hive to gather honey. 
NyYmMpH (alsocalled Pupa or Chrysalis): 
—The second form in the transform” 
ation of insects, between the larva 
and imago stages. 
OBSERVATORY HivE.—A hive con- 
structed so that the operations in 
progress within it may be observed. 
(See page 128.) 
Ovary.—The organ of a female insect 
or other animal in which the eggs 
are formed and developed. 
OvipucT.—The passage which con- 
veys the egg from the ovary when 
about to be deposited. 
OvULE.—In botany, the “egg” or 
rudimentary seed. 
PABULUM.—F'ood, or aliment. 
PARENT StTock.— The stock from 
which a swarm issues. 
PARTHENOGENESIS.—The production 
of young by a virgin. (See page 64.) 
PASTURAGE, BEE.—(See BEE FORAGE.) 
PisTIL.—In botany, the central organ 
of a female flower which receives 
the pollen and contains the ovules 
from which the seeds are developed. 
POLLEN.—The fecundating dust of 
male plants, obtained from the an- 
thers of flowers, and_ used by the 
bees to make bee bread. 
PROPOLIS.—A resinous matter used 
by bees for fastening movable parts 
of a hive, stopping fissures, and 
sometimes in covering foreign sub- 
stances found in their hives. (See 
page 98.) 
Pupa.—(See NYMPH.) 
