GLOSSARY 329 
QUEEN CELL.—A large cell of peculiar 
form, specially built for the purpose 
of developing a queen from a worker 
egg or larva. (See page 72.) 
QUEENLEss. — Applied to a colony 
when from any cause it is deprived 
of its queen. 
QUINCUNX.—A term used in garden- 
ing with reference to the position of 
plants or trees—meaning five in a 
parallelogram, one in each corner, 
and one in the centre. Applied to 
the position of hives in an apiary. 
(See page 103.) 
RABBET.—A corruption of the word 
rebate; a rectangular longitudinal 
recess made in the edge of any- 
thing, as when one part of the edge 
of a board is planed or cut out lower 
than the rest. 
Race.—In apiculture this word is used 
to designate a variety of the single 
species 4. mellifica which has ac- 
quired some peculiarities of colour 
or qualities in course of time from 
natural or climatic causes. 
Rack.—A name given to the frame or 
tray made to hold section boxes for 
the production of comb honey. (See 
page 139.) 
REVERSIBLE FRAME.—A comb frame 
so made that the bottom can be 
turned to the top, and vice versa, at 
the option of the apiarist. (See 
page 237.) 
RIPENING HoNEY.—The process by 
which superfluous moisture is eva- 
porated and the honey rendered safe 
to keep without fermenting. 
ROBBING.—Bees from one hive or 
colony entering another and taking 
the honey from it. ’ 
Roya. CELL.—(See QUEEN CELL.) 
Roya. JELLY. —(See JELLY.) 
SEALED (Brood or Honey). — (See 
CAPPED. 
SECTION Box, OR SECTION.—A small 
frame in which surplus honey is 
stored and sent to market without 
being extracted from the comb, 
usually made to hold from one to 
two pounds. . 
SECTION CasE.—A shallow case with- 
out frames for holding section boxes 
onahive; usedasasuper. 
SECTION, OR BROAD FRAME.—A/jframe 
made to hold one or two tiers of sec- 
tion boxes while suspended in a 
hive. 
SECTION RAcK.—(See RACK.) 
SEPARATOR.—A piece of wood or metal 
placed between two boxes to con- 
fine the bees to build their comb 
with an even surface. (See page 
138.) 
SEPTUM.—A partition. In apiculture 
gouctally: applied to the vertical 
ivision between the two series of 
cells in a comb, which forms the 
bottoms of all the cells. 
SHIPPING CAGE.—A small cage, usu- 
ally made of. wire-cloth and wood, 
used for sending queens through the 
post. (See page 227.) 
SHIPPING CRATE.—A case used for 
packing comb honey in to send to 
market. (See page 243.) 
SKEP, SKIP.—Literally, a basket. The 
name given in Scotland and other 
pices to the old form of straw bee- 
ve. 
SMOKER.—An implement constructed 
to burn rags, rotten wood, or other 
fuel, and furnished with a bellows 
for blowing the smoke where re- 
quired. Used to quiet bees when 
about to be manipulated. 
SPECIES.—In natural history, a sub- 
division of a genus or family of 
animals or plants, which may again 
be divided into varieties or races 
possessing some peculiarities but no 
important structural differences. 
SPERMATHECA.—A small vessel at7 
tached to the oviduct of the queen 
bee, and containing, when fecun- 
dated, the spermatozoa for impreg- 
nating the eggs on their passage 
from the ovary. (See page 62.) 
SPERMATOZOON (pl., ZOA).--A minute 
spore or germ, of which many mil- 
lions may be contained in the sper- 
matheca, itself scarcely visible to 
the naked eye. One of these sper- 
matozoa must be introduced into 
the egg, through the opening called 
the micropyle, in order to make it 
capable of producing a worker bee 
or a queen. 
SPRING DWINDLING.—Colonies which 
pass through the winter strong may 
become weak in the spring, in con- 
sequence of the old bees dying off 
before young ones are bred in the 
same proportion. This result, from 
whatever cause brought about, is 
termed spring dwindling. 
STAMEN.—In botany, the male organ 
of fructification in plants, carrying 
the anther and the pollen. 
STARTER.—A narrow strip of comb or 
of foundation put in a frame or sec- 
tion box to give the bees a “start 
in the right direction in building 
the new comb. 
StigMa.—In botany, the top of the 
pistil which receives the pollen or 
fecundating dust of the male plant. 
