STATES OF INSECTS. 243 



I shall next advert, chiefly to the pupae of the grand 

 division last described, under the distinct heads of sub- 

 stance, figure, and par Is ,- colour, age, sex, motions, and 

 extrication of the perfect insect, 



i. As to their substance — at first interiorly all pupae 

 consist of a milky fluid, in which the unformed members 

 of the future perfect insect may be said to float, and in 



Lamarck divides the pupee of insects that undergo a metamorphosis 

 into three kinds, which he names — Chrysalis, Mumia, and Nympha. 



i. Chrysalis. Under this denomination he includes all inactive 

 pupae inclosed in an opaque puparium which entirely conceals them. 

 These he further subdivides into two kinds. 



1. Chrysalis signata. This term is synonymous with the Pupa 

 obtecta of Linne, or the Chrysalis of Lepidoptera and some Diptera. 



2. Chrysalis dolioloides. Equivalent to the Pupa coarctata Linn, 

 peculiar to those Diptera that assume* this state in the skin of the 

 larva. 



ii. Mumia. All inactive pupae which are covered by a transparent 

 skin, through which all the parts of the inclosed imago may be seen, 

 subdivided also into two. 



1. Mumia coarctata. Corresponding with the Pupa incompleta 

 Linn., which includes the Coleoptera and most of the Hymenoptera. 



2. Mumia pseudonympha, confined to the Pupa of Phryganea and 

 some others. This might be named Pupa subincompleta. 



iii. Nympha. Under this denomination are included all insects 

 that undergo only a partial metamorphosis, and are active in their 

 pupa state, corresponding with the Pupa semicompleta Linn, and also 

 subsemicompleta MacLeay. See Anim. sans Vertebr. iii. 285 — . 



M. Latreille has started an ingenious idea on this subject with re- 

 gard to these kinds of metamorphosis, which comprehends both larva 

 and pupa under a distinct denomination : as thus — 



1. Demilarve and Deminympih, synonymous with the Semicomplete 

 Metamorphosis. 



2. Larve and Nymph, answering to Incomplete Metamorphosis. 

 .3. Caterpillar and Chrysalis, answering to Obtected Metamorphosis. 



4. Fermi larve and Pupa, answering to Coarctate Metamorphosis. 

 N. Did. d'llist. Nat. xvi. 272. 



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