STATES OF INSECTS. 247 



antennas pass above the thighs of the two anterior pair 

 of legs, and then turning clown over the breast between 

 them and the posterior legs, repose upon the base of the 

 wings ; which also are turned down between the inter- 

 mediate and posterior pair of legs, and rest upon the lat- 

 ter; the tibiae are bent in and folded upon the thigh, 

 and the tarsi turn outwards a . In another coleopterous 

 species, the wings and elytra are placed under the hind- 

 legs. In Hymenopterous pupae the antennae appear usu- 

 ally to lie between the legs b . In many Tipulce the long 

 legs are bent into three folds in the pupae ; but the tarsi 

 are extended, and lie close to each other, the anterior 

 pair being the shortest c . In a specimen belonging to 

 this tribe in my cabinet, which I think contained Cteno- 

 cera pectinicomis, the six leg-cases are of the same 

 length, exactly parallel and adjacent, and being annu- 

 lated wear the appearance of tracheae d . These parts 

 have each their separate case, so that a pin may be intro- 

 duced between them and the body : which cases, as well 

 as the general envelope, are usually formed of a fine soft 

 transparent membrane ; but sometimes, as in the lady- 

 bird (Coccinella), the tortoise-beetle (Cassida), the crane- 

 fly ( Tipida), &c. it is harder and more opaque, so that 

 though it is usually easy for a practised Entomologist 

 from an examination of the pupa, particularly in the Hy- 

 ?nenoptera, to predict to what genus the insect to be dis- 



a In the pupa of Hydrophilus piceas (Lesser L. i. ii./. 13, 14), the 

 arrangement of the parts is nearly the same, but the tarsi are not re- 

 flexed. 



b Ibid.f. 9, 10. De Geer ii. i.xxxii./. 5. Reaum. v. t. xxxvi./. 14. 



c Reaum. Ibid. t. ii./. 9. 



d The legs of Tipida replicala L. are placed in a similar way. De 

 Geer vi. t. xx./. 1 2. I. 



