c 2iS STATES OF INSECTS. 



closed from them will belong, yet in these cases the organs 

 being not so conspicuous, a less experienced examiner 

 might be perplexed, and unable to come to a conclusion. 

 Although hymenopterous pupae have usually no parts 

 but what are afterwards seen in the perfect insect, this is 

 not the case with several coleopterous and dipterous ones, 

 which are furnished with various temporary appendages, 

 indispensable to them to bring about their final change, 

 or for other purposes. Thus, the pupa of the male of 

 Lucanus Cervus has two short, jointed anal processes a . 

 That of Hydrophilus caraboides has a pedunculated lunu- 

 late one; and moreover, the sides of the abdominal seg- 

 ments, and the top of the thorax, are beset with hairs, 

 which are not seen in the perfect insect 5 . The abdomen 

 of many, also, is armed with spines. That, the arrange- 

 ment of whose organs I lately described, has a quadruple 

 series in the back of this part; viz. on each of the first five 

 segments, 3, 2, 2, 3. The five first ventral segments also 

 have on each side three spines; the inner are incurved, the 

 intermediate nearly upright, and the outer one recurved. 

 These spines, except those of the innermost ventral series, 

 terminate in a bristle. In another coleopterous species the 

 back part of the head is armed with a pair of lateral spines, 

 and that of the thorax with three processes, the external 

 ones armed with a single spine, and the intermediate one 

 with a pair. De Geer has figured the pupa of an Asilus, 

 the head of which is armed with eight spines — two ro- 

 bust ones in front, and three smaller ones, connected at 

 the base on each side. The abdominal segments, also, 

 are fringed with spines c . The abdomen of the pupa of 



a Ros. t. 81 . " Ibid. t. 95. = De Geer vi. 237. t. xiv./. 8. 



