STATES OF INSECTS. 253 



the most remarkable instance of a single eminence from 

 the head is exhibited by the pupa of a tropical butterfly 

 (Morpho Idomeneus Latr.), figured by Madame Merian. 

 In this the head projects into a long incurved obtuse 

 horn a . In others the head is armed with two mucros, 

 or conical eminences. This is the case with the common 

 butterfly of the nettle ( Vanessa Urticce F. b ), and with that 

 of the beautiful Papilio Machaon c . In these the promi- 

 nences are trigonal. These processes, which in some, as 

 in the peacock-butterfly ( Vanessa Io), stand upright d , 

 and in others diverge (Papilio Machaon), form the eye- 

 cases of the included imago; and in their outer base 

 is planted the crescent-shaped piece I lately mentioned, 

 which seems intended to convey light into it. In many 

 the prothorax, besides a lateral angular projection, has 

 in the middle another triangular or trigonal one, some- 

 what resembling a Roman nose ; on each side of which 

 is a smaller elevated black point : so that it requires no 

 great stretch of imagination to find out in it a sort of re- 

 semblance to the human face, which, though not quite 

 so striking as honest Goedart figures it e , is however very 

 considerable. In the pupa of Morpho Menelaus, figured 

 by Madame Merian f , this nasiform prominence of the 

 prothorax is extended into a long arched horn, reaching 

 to the middle of the abdomen. The pupa of the silver- 

 washed fritillary (Argynnis Paphia F.), and others of the 

 same genus, exhibit beneath this nasiform prominence 



a Ins. Surinam, t. Ix. It is singular that the chrysalis of its congener, 

 Morpho Teucer, which she figures t. xxiii., exhibits no such process. 

 The larvEe also widely differ. b Plate XVI. Fig. 11. 



c Sepp ii. t. hi./. 5. d Sepp i. t. viL/. 5. 



e De Insectis, ed. Lister. t.\. { Ins. Surinam, t. liii. 



