2\54 STATES OF INSECTS. 



a very deep depression, itself beset with one or more se- 

 ries of smaller angular elevations. The back of the ab- 

 domen is often furnished with two rows of protuberances, 

 in some species larger, in others smaller a ; sometimes 

 sharp and conical, and sometimes flat, and in some in- 

 stances resembling the fins of fishes 5 . These bosses 

 usually decrease in size towards the tail. 



2. The second kind of chrysalises are denominated 

 conical c . These, which include the crepuscular and noc- 

 turnal Lepidoptera, and the butterflies with onisciform 

 larvae, have no protuberances, and are less variable in 

 their form — their anterior extremity being almost con- 

 stantly oval and rounded, and their posterior conical and 

 acute. An exception to this form is met with in the pupa 

 of a moth long celebrated (Lasiocampa Pithyocampa) d i 

 which has the head acute and the tail obtuse, and armed 

 with two points e . Another occurs in that of the Cossus, 

 which has two points on the head, by which it makes 

 an opening in its cocoon : when it assumes the imago, 

 one of these is placed below the other f . And some 

 few have the anterior end nearly flat instead of rounded. 

 The pupa of the orange-tip butterfly (Pieris Cardamines) 

 seems intermediate between the angular and conical 

 kinds: it is somewhat boat-shaped, and distinguished 

 by a fusiform process from the head and tail ». Other 

 modifications of the usual figure are met with, but are 

 for the most part so slight as not to require notice. One 



a Sepp i. t. ii,/. 6. t> N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. vii. 60. 



c Ibid. 57. d See above, Vol. I. p. 131. 



e Reaura. ii. 158. t. viii./. 4,5. 

 f Lesser L. i. 160. note. t. ii./. 19. 



g N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xxvi. 165. Reaum. i. 347. Rosel says this 

 is present only in some individuals. I. ii. 47. 



