STATES OF INSECTS. 255 



or two, however, should not be passed over. The pupse 

 of many hawk-moths (Sphinx L.) have the anterior piece 

 of the head-case elongated into a sort of cylindrical pro- 

 boscis, which is incurved beneath the breast : you will 

 find this formation in S. Convolvuli and Ligustri a . In 

 some, as in a species figured by Madame Merian, that 

 feeds upon the Annona squamosa^ it is rolled up like a 

 serpent in many folds b . In Noctua Linarice the tongue- 

 case turns upwards, and is prominent laterally beyond 

 the body c . This singular appendage is one of those 

 beautiful instances of compensating contrivances, as Dr. 

 Paley calls them, which perpetually occur in the insect 

 tribes. The tongue of these hawk-moths is of very great 

 length, often three inches, while the pupa itself is scarcely 

 two ; it could not possibly, therefore, have been extended 

 at length, as it is in common cases, but is coiled up 

 within the above protuberance. When the tongue is but 

 a little longer than the breast, the ordinary plan is ad- 

 hered to, but the apex of the breast projects a little over 

 the abdomen into a sort of nose, in which the end of the 

 tongue is contained. This conformation may be seen in 

 the pupa of Noctua Gam?na, Verbasci, and many other 

 species. Sometimes, as in N. Linaria F., this projection 

 is recurved into a short horn. 



I have before adverted to the adminicula or short spines 

 looking towards the anus, with which the dorsal segments 

 of the abdomen of some pupas are armed ; and by which, 

 when the time for their exclusion is arrived, they are 

 enabled to push themselves upwards or outwards from 



a Plate XVI. Fig. 13. a. b Ins. Surinam, t. iii. 



c De Geer ii. 433. t. vlii./. 4. t. 



