STATES OF INSECTS. 257 



lew others, as Bombi/x Pihi, Centra Vinida, &c, have no 

 anal hooks whatever. Under this head I shall observe, 

 that in many conical pupae below the anal angle or rau- 

 cro, is the appearance of a vertical foramen or passage : 

 this is particularly conspicuous in Hcpialus, in which it 

 is surmounted by a bifid ridge, and has under it a pair of 

 minute black tubercles. 



A pretty accurate judgement of the division to which 

 the perfect insect when disclosed will belong, may usually 

 be formed from the figure of its chrysalis. All the angu- 

 lar ones, with scarcely any exception, inclose butterflies. 

 The converse, however, does not hold ; for some that are 

 not angular, as those of Parnassius Apollo and Mne- 

 mosyne, and most of the Linnean Plebeii urbicola, also 

 inclose flies of that description. With these exceptions, 

 all conical chrysalises give birth to moths or ha'wkmot/is. 

 An idea even of the family or genus under which the 

 perfect insect will arrange, may be generally formed from 

 .the figure of the chrysalis ; less distinctly, however, in 

 the conical or rounded, than in the angular kinds, in 

 which the prominences of the head and trunk, as before 

 explained, usually vary in different families. Even the 

 sex of some moths may be judged from the pupae : those 

 of females being thicker; and those also of the females that 

 have no wings, or only the rudiments of them, will of 

 course vary somewhat from the ordinary form : but there 

 is a still more striking difference in that of Callimorpha ? 

 vcstita F., and others of the singular tribe before no- 

 ticed*, called by the Germans Sacktrager (sack-bearers), 

 from the sack-like cases in which the larva resides. The 



5 See above, Vol. I„ 464. 

 VOL. ill. s 



