STATES OF INSECTS. 327 



pointing to the head; but in the female it is convex, with 

 an anterior abbreviated transverse ridge a . 



In a large proportion terrific horns, often hollow, like 

 those of the head lately noticed, arm the thorax of the 

 male, of which you will usually only discover the rudi- 

 ments in the other sex. In the first place, some are uni- 

 corns, or armed only with a single thoracic horn, which 

 frequently, in conjunction with the thorax itself, not a little 

 resembles a tunnel reversed : of this description are Dy- 

 nastes Hermles, Tityus, Gedeon, Enema, &c. b In the 

 three first this horn is porrected, or nearly in the same line 

 with the body ; but in the last, and D. Pan, it forms an 

 angle with it ; and in D. JEgeon it is nearly vertical c . 

 In D. Hercules it is very long; in D. Alcides d and Tityus 

 very short ; in the two last, and in Oxyielus tricornis 

 which is similarly armed, it is undivided at the apex; 

 but in D. Gedeon, Pan, bilobus, &c. e it is bifid or bilobed. 

 It is usually rather slender, but in D. CJwrinaeus f and 

 bilobus, it is very stout and wide. In D. claviger it is 

 hastate at the apex s. In D. hastatus it is short and 

 truncated h . Others, again, have two thoracic horns. 

 In Coipris nemestrinus these are discoidal, diverging, and 

 inclining forwards '. In Phanaeus jloriger^ they are late- 

 ral, triangular, and incline towards each other, with, as 

 it were, a deep basin between them. In P. splendidulus 

 they sink into two longitudinal ridges, most elevated 



a Oliv. no. 3. t. vi. f. 46. a. $ . b. 5 . 



b Ibid, t.i.f. 1. iv. x.f. 31. xi./. 102. xn.f. 114. 



c Ibid. t. xxvi./. 219. d Ibid, t If. 2. 



e Ibid. t. xxiii./. 35. f Ibid. t. iif. 7- 



6 Ibid. t. v./. 40. h Ibid. xix./. 1 75. 



s Ibid.*, xii./. 115. 



k Cojiris floiiger Kirby in Linn. Trans, xii. 396. 



