328 STATES OF INSECTS. 



posteriorly, with an intervening valley a . In P. belhcasus 

 they are posterior, compressed, truncated, and erhargi- 

 nate at the apex, and include a basin b . In Copris Sabaus 

 they are merely two acute prominences c . — Three horns 

 distinguish the thorax of many. In D. Aloeus d and its 

 affinities, they are arranged in a triangle, whose vertex 

 is towards the head. In D. Antaus e these horns are 

 nearly equal in length, and undivided at the apex. In 

 D. Titanus f the anterior horn is longer than the rest, 

 and bifid at the apex ; in D. Atlas and Endymion &, both 

 of which have a horn on the head, it is much shorter. 

 In others, as in Megasoma Kirby, the vertex of the tri- 

 angle is towards the anus. In M. Typkon " it is longer 

 than the anterior ones, and bifid at the apex ; in M. la- 

 nigerum they are equal in length '. In M. Elephas and 

 Actceon * it is merely an elevation of the thorax j in the 

 last almost obsolete. In Geotrupes Typhceus, common 

 on our heaths, the anterior of this part is armed by three 

 horizontal horns, the intermediate one being the short- 

 est l . Copris lunar is also, another of our own beetles, 

 has three short posterior thoracic horns, two lateral and 

 triangular ones, and a transverse intermediate elevation, 

 with a notch in the middle m . In Dynastes Neptunus the 

 horns are porrected, the middle one being very long, and 

 the lateral ones short n . In D. Gcryon the point of the la- 



* Oliv. no. 3. t. n.f. 18. » Ibid. t. xxii./. 32. 

 « Ibid. t. ix./. 85. d Ibid. t. iii./,22. 



« Ibid. t. xiii./. 124. a. f Ibid, t.v.f. 38. 



e Ibid. t. xxviii./. 242. t. xviii./. 169. 



h Ibid. t. xvi./. 152. * Ibid. t. xxviii./. 247. 



* Ibid. t. xv. f. 138. a. t. v.f. 33. 

 1 Samouelle's Compend. t. \.f. 1. 



'" Oliv. no. 3. t. v.f. 36. a. n Schon. Synon. It. I. 



