EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF INSECTS. 359 



Hymenopiera it emerges from the Labium, and is 

 fitted to collect liquids and pass them downwards a . 

 In Formica it appears to be retractile b . In a con- 

 siderable proportion of insects it seems connate 

 with the Labium, and forming its inner surface? 

 According to circumstances it might perhaps be 

 denominated Lingua or Ligula. It includes the Pa- 

 raglosscB. 



a ParaglosSjE (the Paraglossa). Lateral and often 

 membranous processes observable on each side of 

 the tongue in some Hymenoptera, &c. c 



F Pharynx (the Pharynx). The opening into the gul- 

 let d . It includes the Epipharynx and Hypopha- 

 rynx. 



a Epipharynx (the Epipharynx). A small valve under 

 the Labrum, that in many Hymenoptera closes the 

 Pharynx, and is an appendage of its upper mar- 

 gin 6 . 



b Hypopharynx (the Hypopharynx). An appendage 



a Plate VII. Fig. 2, 3, e'. — What is here called the Lingua in 

 Hymenoptera has been usually regarded as the Labium ; but surely that 

 organ which collects, and as it were laps the honey, and passes it 

 down to the Pharynx, is properly to be considered as the tongue. 

 The Labium itself appears to be represented by what has been called 

 the Mentum, and the true Mentum, as was lately observed, is at the 

 base of the part last mentioned, in the usual situation of that piece. 

 This, though long since noticed (Kirby Mon. Ap. Angl. i. ] Oo— ), has 

 not been much attended to by modern entomologists. 



b Huber Fourmis, 4 — . 



c Plate VII. Fig. 2, 3. and XXVI. Fig. 28. i". 



J Plate VII. Fig. 14. P. 



e Ibid. Fig. 2. k". This is M. Savigny's name for this part. It 

 has also been called Epiglossa. Latreille Organisation Exterieure des 

 Insecics. 185. 



