578 EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF INSECTS. 



taclied by its posterior extremity to the coxa of the hind- 

 leo-s ; by means of the pleura, from which it does not 

 appear to be separated by any suture, it connects the 

 secondary or under-wings with the hind-legs, as the sca- 

 pular does the primary ones with the mid-legs ; so that 

 the direction of the parapleura depends upon the rela- 

 tive situation of the legs and wings. In Coleopterous 

 insects its direction is horizontal, it being generally a nar- 

 row subquadrangular piece that runs straight from the 

 posterior coxae to the scapular a , and usually divided into 

 two unequal portions by an elevated or impressed line. 

 In the palm-weevil [Calandra Palmarum) this part is 

 wider than usual ; in Dytiscus marginalis, — in which ge- 

 nus, as likewise in Carabus L., the coxa are incapable of 

 separate motion, — it is nearly a right-angled triangle, 

 and is divided longitudinally into two unequal portions. 

 In the Qrthoptera Order this part usually consists of two 

 equal portions, and its direction is sometimes nearly hori- 

 zontal, as in Mantis and Phasma ,- sometimes forming an 

 angle with the horizon, as in Blatta ,• and sometimes 

 nearly vertical, as in Locusta Leach. In the two first cases 

 the wings are before the legs, and in the last their po- 

 sition is over them. In the Heteropterous Hemiptera 

 it is parallel with the scapular, is divided into two un- 

 equal portions, and its direction is more or less inclined 

 to the horizon 5 . As to the Homopterous section — m.Ful- 

 gora it is of a very irregular shape with an angular surface, 

 and its direction from the leg to the wing is first nearly 

 vertical and then horizontal : in Tettigonia it is almost 

 vertical, and consists of two nearly equal portions. To 



a Plate VIII. Fig. 4, z' . b Plate XXIX. Fig. 15. z. 



