638 EXTERNAL ANATOMY Ol' INSECTS. 



maro-in : a number of semifblds also, sometimes trans- 

 verse and sometimes oblique, run in pairs from each side 

 of every nervure of the disk of both tegmina and wings in 

 the senus last named, the use of which has been before 

 mentioned 3 . 



We now come to those Orders that have four mem- 

 branous wings : first, I shall consider the Lepidoptera. 

 With respect to the position of their wings in repose some 

 variations take place. In the majority of the day-fliers 

 (Papilio L.), when the animal reposes the wings are ap- 

 plied to each other by their upper surface so as to be 

 vertical; but in the skippers (Hesperia), the secondary 

 wings assume a horizontal position, while the primary are 

 vertical but applied to each other. In the Crepuscular 

 tribes (Sphinx L.) the upper wings are incumbent on the 

 lower, and deflexed. In the night-fliers (Phalaena L.) 

 the types of position are various. In some Attacus, Sa- 

 turnia, Noctua, &c, the wings cover each other, and are 

 a little inclined from a horizontal position; in Gastro- 

 pacha, Odenesis, and some other Bombycida, they are de- 

 flexed, and the anterior margin of the under wing pro- 

 jects beyond that of the upper: in some of the Tinea L., 

 as Crambus, the wings are convoluted, and in others, 

 Galleria, they are applied close to the sides of the body, 

 and being elevated at the apex, terminate, to use a French 

 term — en queue de coq : in Noctua, Geometra, &c, the 

 wings usually cover the abdomen, and are nearly hori- 

 zontal. With regard to the folds of their wings, the 

 Anal Area of the secondary is the only part that has any 

 striking one; in Papilio Hector and affinities it turns 



* See above, p. 636. 



