EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF INSECTS. 657 



bably, at least in the mid- and hind-legs, only in two di- 

 rections; in the middle pair, probably, from the coxae 

 being in a position parallel with the breast, opposite to 

 that of the hind pair. In Dytiscus L., Carabus L., and 

 some other beetles, the coxae, especially the posterior pair, 

 appear to be fixed and incapable of motion. In many 

 insects these coxae seem to belong as much to the abdo- 

 men as to the trunk. We have just seen this to be the 

 case in Copris, &c; and in the Lepidoptera, if the former 

 be separated from the latter, the legs will be detached 

 with it. 



4. Location. We are now to consider the location and 

 position of the legs, both in general and with respect to 

 each other. And first, as has been before stated, we may 

 observe that, in the hexapods with wings, the arms belong 

 to the manitrunk, and are attached to the antepectus on 

 each side the prosternum • and the two pair of legs to 

 the alitrimk, the mid-legs being attached to the medipec- 

 tus, between the scapidaria and mesostemum ; and the 

 hind-legs to the postpectus, between the parapleura and 

 the postemum • and further, that the arms are opposed 

 to the prothorax .■ the mid-legs to the mesot/iorax and the 

 primary organs of flight; and the hind-legs to the me- 

 tathorax and the secondary organs of flight; though in 

 some cases the wings appear to be behind the legs and 

 in others before them : thus, in Panotpa, the former are 

 nearer the head than the latter; but in the Libellulina the 

 reverse of this takes place, the legs being much nearer 

 the head than the wings : in both cases,' however, the 

 scapularia and parapleura run from the legs to the 

 wings, but in an oblique direction; and in Panorpa these 

 pieces assume the appearance of articulations of the legs. 



vol. in. 2 u 



