to be essential for a desir- 

 able balance of the combi- 

 nation of timber and cattle. 

 Economic evaluations of 

 cattle-management systems 

 indicated that with good 

 management, herd control, 

 and supplemental feeding, 

 cattle grazing on longleaf 

 pine forest ranges can 

 yield acceptable returns on 

 the necessary investments 

 (e.g., Halls and Duvall 1961). 



The grazing of hogs in 

 longleaf pine forests, with 

 consequent destruction of 

 seedlings, has been a 

 matter of conflict since 

 foresters came to the South. 

 Studies by W. Hopkins 

 (1 951 ) and others confirmed 

 the need to exclude the 

 piney woods pigs if new 

 forests of longleaf pine 

 were to survive. Firms such 

 as the Great Southern 

 Lumber Company and the 

 Urania Lumber Company 

 had long fenced their 

 holdings, but the regional 

 custom of allowing hogs to 

 roam free and graze any- 

 where was persistent. It 

 was not until the mid-1 950's 

 that southern legislatures 



passed effective laws con- 

 trolling the free ranging of 

 the half-wild razorback 

 hogs. 



Information on management 

 of livestock on forest ranges 

 has been made available 

 through many publications 

 (e.g., Burd and others 1 984), 

 as well as through symposia 

 on specific forest types 

 such as the slash pine 

 ecosystem (Lewis 1983). 

 Many studies by agricultural 

 experiment stations and 

 universities have added to 

 knowledge of basic ecologi- 

 cal relationships relevant 

 for both tree growing and 

 management of forest 

 ranges and livestock. 8 



8 The substantial amount of re- 

 search on range management 

 conducted in the South in recent 

 years is evidenced by a bibliogra- 

 phy that shows more than a 

 thousand entries for only the 6-year 

 period 1973 — 78. This bibliography 

 was a project of the Committee on 

 Renewable Resources and is 

 available for searching through the 

 Bibliographic Retrieval Service, 

 Inc., with access through the 

 technology transfer group of the 

 USDA Forest Service in Washing- 

 ton, DC. 



56 



