UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION No. 440 



Washington, D. C. 



September 1941 



MARKET DISEASES OF FRUITS AND 

 VEGETABLES: ASPARAGUS, ONIONS, 

 BEANS, PEAS, CARROTS, CELERY, 

 AND RELATED VEGETABLES 1 



By Glen B. Ramsey, senior pathologist, and James S. Wiant, associate pathol- 

 ogist, Division of Fruit and Vegetable Crops and Diseases, Bureau of Plant 

 Industry 



CONTENTS 



Page 



Lily family 2 



Asparagus 2 



Bacterial soft rot 3 



Beetle injury 3 



Fusarium rot (wilt) 3 



Gray mold rot 4 



Phytophthora rot 4 



Watery soft rot 5 



Garlic and onions 5 



Blue mold rot of garlic 6 



"Waxy break-down of garlic 6 



Aspergillus bulbjrot of onions 7 



Bacterial soft rot of onions 7 



Black mold rot of onions 8 



Break-down of onions 9 



Chemical injury of onions 9 



Freezing injury of onions 10 



Fusarium bulb rot of onions 11 



Gray mold rot (neck rot) of onions 12 



Greening (sunburn) of onions 13 



Pink root of onions 14 



Purple blotch of onions 14 



Smudge (anthracnose) of onions 15 



Smut of onions 16 



Sunscald of onions 17 



White rot of onions 17 



Pulse family 18 



Beans 19 



Angular leaf spot 19 



Anthracnose 20 



Bacterial blight and "halo" blight 22 



Bacterial soft rot 24 



Bacterial spot 24 



Bacterial wilt 25 



Cottony leak (wilt) 25 



Page 



Pulse family— Continued. 



Beans— C ontinued . 



Downy mildew 26 



Pod blight 27 



Rhizopus soft rot 27 



Russeting 28 



Rust 29 



Scab 30 



S clerotium rot (southern blight) 30 



Seed spotting 30 



Seed stickiness 31 



Soil rot (rhizoctonia stem and pod rot) . 31 



Sunscald 32 



Watery soft rot (sclerotinia rot) 33 



Yeast spot 33 



Peas 34 



Anthracnose 34 



Bacterial blight 35 



Downy mildew 36 



Gray mold rot 37 



Mechanical injury 37 



Mosaic 37 



Pod spot (blight) 38 



Powdery mildew 39 



Scab 39 



Seed spot . 40 



Spotted wilt 40 



Thrips injury 40 



Parsley family 41 



Carrot 41 



Bacterial soft rot 41 



Black rot 42 



Fusarium rot 43 



Gray mold rot 43 



Macrosporium leaf blight 44 



1 This publication is the seventh in a series designed to aid in the recognition and iden- 

 tification of pathological conditions of economic importance affecting fruits and vegetables 

 in the channels of marketing, to facilitate the market inspection of these food products, 

 and to prevent losses from such conditions. It represents an extended revision and elabora- 

 tion, with the addition of colored illustrations, of a preliminary publication entitled 

 "Handbook of Diseases of Vegetables Occurring Under Market, Storage, and Transit Con- 

 ditions," prepared by George K. K. Link and Max W. Gardner, and published by the 

 Department of Agriculture in 1919 especially for the use of the food-products inspectors 

 of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics and never distributed to the public. The ma- 

 terial is organized on the basis of the botanical families to which the plants belong, but 

 no botanical system is followed in arranging these families. Practical considerations 

 make it desirable to issue the material in separate sections arranged somewhat in the 

 order of the economic importance of the crops. The Host Index of the Fungi of North 

 America, by A. B. Seymour, 1929, is used in the main as a guide to the nomenclature of 

 causal fungi and the names of authorities therefor. The original colorings for plates 

 1, A, B, C; 3, D; 7, G. D. E, G; 10, G, D, E; and 12, B, are by Glen B. Ramsey. The 

 photograph for plate 5, F, was furnished by J. C. Walker ; 7, E, by Anna E. Jenkins ; 8, 

 A, B, by L. L. Harter; and 11, E, by W. C. Snyder. 



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