174 A LIST OF THE BUTTERFLIES OF BORNEO. 
Mt. Kina Balu (Waterstradt); Mt. Santubong and Mt. 
Matang (Sar. Mus.). 
Distribution: “ Kast India” (Hewitson) ; Andaman Isles 
and Palawan. 
A long series of males only the Sarawak Museum, chiefly 
from the summit of Mt. Santubong; taken all the year round; 
varying in size from 25 mm. to 41 mm. ‘The basal spots on 
underside of hind-wing are not so filled up as shewn in de 
Nicéville’s figure of the female. The blue areas of both wings 
are much more reduced than in the female, as pointed out by 
Druce. 
Injuries. Small ragged bites out of anal angle of left hind- 
wing in two specimens ; a third with symmetrical bite from 
both hind-wings at anal angle and a fourth with a small piece 
removed from the same region of the right hind-wing. 
As this is the last instance of injured Lycaenidae to be noticed 
it may be of interest to try and draw some conclusions from all 
the instances so far recorded in this paper. 
It will have been noticed that the Sub-Families of Lycaenidae | 
show signs of enemies’ bites in varying degrees culminating in the | 
two extremes shown by the Gerydinae and Theclinae; the former 
showing practically no injuries at all, while in sharp contrast to 
them, the latter afford abundant evidence of attacks made by birds 
or lizards, sometimes on the hind-margin of the hind-wing, some- 
times even on the fore-wing, but more especially on the anal region 
of the hind-wings. From ‘this, two pairs of diametrically opposite 
conclusions are suggested : ay that the small, weak, protectively 
coloured (above and. below) Gerydinae fall so easy a prey to their 
enemies, that no injured specimens ever escape; one bite and the | 
incident of capture is over. ‘Their only chance in the struggle for | 
existence hes in their ability to escape notice, and hence we have 
the sombre coloured uppersides, which render them very hard to 
see in flight, and the procryptic undersides which answer their. 
purpose as well as, if not better than, those of any other Lycaenid. 
This would be in accordance with the view that protectively-coloured ; 
butterflies are always palatable. 
| Against this conclusion however we should note that one 
frequently catches injured specimens of the presumably palatable 
Satyrine—Y pthima pandacus, Moore, which is weak in flight and 
easy to capture; in fact I have more notes of i injuries to that species 
than to any other in Sarawak!]. . 
With the Theclinae it would appear that in heu of any scheme : 
of protective colouring, a different method of defence has been ; 
evolved, namely that of directing the enemy's attention to a non- 
vital spot, which is effected by the development of eye-spots and 
Jour. Straits Branch 
