2 SOME NOTES ON THE KELANTAN DIALECT. 
would always be used in conversation with inferiors and young peo- 
ple. 
(c) He, She etc. The Malay expressions are the same in all 
three dialects :—but in Perak and Kelantan “dia-ma’”’ colloquially 
pronounced ‘‘deema,’’ is the ordinary plural. In Pahang I never once 
heard this expression. In Perak only have I noticed similar forms 
in the first and second persons, as sahaya-ma’”’ and ©“ kamu-ma.” 
In comparing the dialects of Perak and Pahang as regards differ- 
ences of vocabulary, these, I think, are comparatively few. In 
Pahang we find the word ‘molek” in common use, where both “‘elok’’ 
and chantek” are used in Perak: “‘sélalu’’ is found where in Perak 
‘“langsong”’ is employed: and the use of ‘ rajin”’ is common where 
in Perak “sélalu’’ is the expression found, e.g., ‘ta’ rajin’’ means 
“never.” The most common expression in Pahang for ‘“every”’ is 
‘‘sa-bilang,” eg., ‘‘sa-bilang hari” which means “every day.” 
“Often” in Pahang is ‘‘kérap,” usually “kérap kali:’’ in Perak we 
find “ galak”’ or “ galak kali’? employed: while in Kelantan again we 
find the expression to be ‘‘achap” or ‘‘achap kali.’ In Pahang, 
instead of the expression punya”’ signifying possession, the Arabic 
“hak,” literally meaning “ possession”’ or © property”’ is used: and it 
frequently takes the place of ‘“yang”’ (relative pronoun) as well. 
“Only in Pahang have! heard the word chamchah”’ used for “spoon:”’ 
and in Pahang and Kelantan the word “sérampang” for “fork.” 
The word “‘lalu’’ in Pahang has an adverbial use as well as its ordi- 
nary signification, viz., meaning © absolutely,” e¢.g., ta’ guna lalu.’’ 
meaning ‘absolutely no good:”’ “‘habis-lalu,’”’ “absolutely finished’”’ 
‘Amat is generally used in Pahang where in Perak “ térlampau,’’ 
‘“sangat,” or ‘‘sakali’’ would be used. To intensify “amat,” “sangat”’ 
is added. 
The Kelantan dialect differs widely from both Perak and Pahang 
dialects. itis the least pure of all the Malay dialects I know, and 
tntermingled with Siamese and even Chinese expressions, though:the 
latter are comparatively few. There are many other alleged Malay 
». ds, which as far as my experience goes, belong to Kelantan alone, 
‘ugh it is possible that they are used in other Northern Malay 
Svates. I have mentioned the personal pronouns, and in this con- 
nection I must not forget to state that the word ‘“awak”’ for ““you”’ 
is accepted as being quite polite, but no Kelantan Malay cares to be 
addressed as kamu.” It may be for this reason that Court charges 
always employ the expression ‘‘kamu!’’ ‘“Hamba”’ is practically the 
one colloquial word for “I’’ as is kita in written form. 
I give a list of Kelantan words with meanings as types of the 
difference in dialect. 
English or Malay. Kelantan Malay. 
To see See Kleh, bérgari. 
To hasten hunggal 
List sénaral 
To take census: make a list sénaraikan 
Jour. Straits Branch 
