TURKI, MANCHU AND CHINESE. 259 



Chinese: Chin wu. [See Tobar, " Inscriptions J uives de K'ai-fong-fou" in 

 Varietes Sinologiques, vol. xvii, p. 50, note 2.] 

 A very valuable note on the Rukh will be found in Yule's Marco Polo, 3rd Edition, 

 Vol. II, pp. 415-420, note. 



6. Eharzi. l^Jy^ 



A Fabulous Bird. 

 I have not been able to identify the word kharzi. 



Manchu : Daipun. 

 Chinese : Peng. 

 The Manchu daipun is simply a transcription of the Chinese t'ai ping, or Great 

 Phoenix. 



7 Quqnus. ^y £ (sic) 



A fabulous crane. 



Manchu : B u 1 e h e n . 



Chinese : Hao. 

 The Turki quqm'cs is from the Greek kvkvo;. In Ottoman Turkish it means a swan, 

 and also the Phoenix of fable. 



This crane is regarded by the Chinese as the emblem of longevity. 



8. Turna. li;J 



Probably the Siberian crane, Grus leucogeranus. 

 Manchu: S any an bulehen. 

 Chinese : Hsien hao. [Giles, Grus viridorostris.] 

 The '•' Mirror " says : This bird is of uniform white colour. 



B.M. II gives as the Persian equivalent " kulang," <S'M, which is the name of 

 the common crane (Grus communis) in Persia and India. 



The Chinese hsien hao means the " immortal " crane. It is the badge worn by 

 officials of the 1st civil rank, and as such is usually described as representing the 

 Manchurian crane, Grus montignesia : and is regarded as the emblem of longevity. 



9. Kok Turna. fyy ^Jjf 



The Blue Crane. 



Grus cinerea. 



Manchu: Yacin bulehen. 



Chinese : Ch'inG hao. 



10. Kul-rang Turna. G^J (.sz'c.) ^S\j Jj( 



The Ash-coloured Crane. 

 ? Grus antigone. 

 Manchu: Korean. 

 Chinese : Hui hao. 



