TURKI, MANCHU AND CHINESE. 263 



No special variety is indicated by this number. In Chinese both hung and yen 

 mean wild-goose. According to the Japanese Encyclopedia Kashira gaki zo ho kun mo 

 zu wi, the large birds are called hung and the small ones yen. 



22. Qizil Tumsuq Ghaz. jU £yL*y <J;>j*» 



? The Grey-Lag Goose [lit. red-beaked]. 



Anser cinereus. 



Manchu : Sangkora niongniyaha. 



Chinese: Ch'a yen [lit. " the tea-goose "]. 

 The " Mirror " says : This is the largest of the wild-geese, and has a red beak. 

 Anser cinereus has a reddish, fleshy beak. 



23. Pupeklik Ghaz. jU ^J ^y 



The Crested or Tufted Goose. 

 Manchu: Kanjiha niongniyaha. 

 Chinese: Pin hung [lit. " the visitor-goose"]. 



The " Mirror " says : This is the smallest of the wild-geese. Its beak is red, and on its head 

 is a white, fleshy growth . 



The Chinese epithet pin or " visitor " may refer to a Chinese saying that the wild- 

 geese which migrate the first to the south are the hosts, while those who arrive later 

 are the visitors. See Petillon, Allusions Litteraires, p. 453. 



24 Waqt-lik Ghaz. jU ^JJ o?j 



The Timely Goose. 



Manchu: Eringge niongniyaha. 



Chinese : Hou yen. 



The " Mirror " says : This is another name for the kanjiha goose (No. 23). This goose arrives 

 punctually on the fifth day of " Sahdrun silenggi." 



Sahorun silenggi is one of the 24 atmospheric changes or divisions of the year 

 among the Manchus. It coincides with the beginning of the f< cold dews" or the 

 hoar-frost. 



* 



25. Cung Ala Buyun Ghaz. j(= ^ji ^1 c£^- 



A large goose with variegated neck. 

 Manchu: Amba konggoro niongniyaha. 

 Chinese : Huang shuo yen. 

 The " Mirror " says: Its colouration is yellow, and its beak black. 



26 Ki6ik Ala Buyun Ghaz. JU (jjlj> ^1 ui*»*^ 



A small goose with variegated neck. 

 Manchu: Ajige konggoro niongniyaha. 

 Chinese : Hsiao huang shuo yen. 

 The " Mirror " says: It is like No. 25, but smaller. 



