TUKKI, MANCHU AND CHINESE. 26f> 



The "Mirror" says: This bird resembles the damin (No. 52) in build. Its body is very 

 ;arge ; its wings and tail are a glossy black. 



49. Salwar. JJL> 



The Vulture. 



Vultur monachus. 



Manchu : Tashari. 



Chinese : Tsao tiao [a general name for eagles]. 



The "Mirror" says: This bird resembles the damin (No. 52) in build. It measures more 

 than two Chinese feet in length ; it has black down on the legs. 



Scully (S. F. 1) says : Salwar is the Turki name for the Vultur monachus. 



50. Alaman Q,us. ^y ^(Jl 



General name for Raptor es. 



Manchu: Dasihiku gasha [Z. Russian, Lovchaya ptitsa]. 



Chinese: Chih niao [Giles, vulture]. 



The Chinese chih means 'to hold or grasp.' The Turki alaman is from dlmaq, 

 to ' seize,' while the Manchu verb dasihimbi means ' to seize with the claws.' 



51. Aq Bas. ^b jl 



The White-headed Vulture. 



? Gypcetus barbatus. 



Manchu : Yolo. 



Chinese: Kou t'otj tiao, lit. dog-headed vulture. 



The " Mirror " says : This is the largest of all birds (!) ; its head is white and its body grey 

 {fulengge = ash-coloured) . 



Zakharoff says : This is the Berkut of old Russian books. [According to the Dictionary of the 

 Academy, berkut = Falco imperialist 



I do not know on what authority Zakharoff makes this identification. The word 

 berkut is evidently a Turkish word taken by the Russians from the Tartars, and the 

 compilers of this polyglot dictionary use this word for the translation of the Manchu 

 damin (No. 52). 



52 Borgut. ^^w. 



A general name for eagles, especially for The Golden Eagle or Bearcoote. 

 Aquila chrysaetus. 

 Manchu : Damin. 

 Chinese : Tiao. 



Scully says : Birkut is the Turki name for the Golden Kagle, but in Kashgar this eagle 

 is known as the qaraqus. 



According to Vambery the Turki name is derived from bork, a hawk's cap (a 

 corruption of the Arabic £>y. ), this eagle being much employed for falconry, as we 

 are correctly informed by Marco Polo. 



