TtJRKI, MANCHU AND CHINESE. 283 



ZakharofE says : This is a small golden pheasant. It is used on embroideries as the heraldic 

 emblem of the third and fourth classes. 



The ff Mirror " says : Five colours are represented on its body. 



The Turki Tukhi means a fowl, and corresponds to the Manchu Coko and the 

 Chinese Chi. 



112. Piipisheklik Tukhi. ^y t_£j (^Jt ^y 



Temminck's Horned Pheasant. 



Ceriomis Temmincki. 



Manchu: Suihetu coko. 



Chinese : T'u shou chi [Gould, Tu xou niao]. 



The " Mirror " says : It has a red head. The plumage on the breast is a mixture of grey 

 and yellow. On fine days it spreads [its feathers]. From the head two fleshy horns stand out 

 prominently. In the place of a chin it has a fleshy bag hanging down. 



Gould says : In the pairing season the membrane can be enlarged or contracted at the will 

 of the bird. 



I think the " Mirror's" description and Gould's illustration, taken together, 

 justify this identification. 



113. Ustur Murgh. iyojL&,'j\ 



The Ostrich. 



Struthis. 



Manchu: Temege coko. 



Chinese: To chi [lit. camel-fowl]. 



The " Mirror" says: This bird is found in the Southern Seas and in the south of the 

 Province of Fu-Kien. It is very large, measuring six feet in height. It is unable to fly. When 

 full grown, five colours are represented on its body. 



The Turki ustur is another form of the Persian sutur, a camel. 

 Giles says fo niao (camel-bird) is the name for the Emu ; while the usual Chinese 

 name for the Ostrich is ta ma ch'iao (the great horse-bird). 



Bretschneider (" Mediaeval Researches" I, pp. 143-144) says: The Ostrich, although found 

 only in the deserts of Africa and Western Asia, was known to the Chinese in early times, since 

 their first intercourse with the countries of the Far West. 



114. Qaramtil Murgh. * y> JJ J J 



The Chinese Crossoptilon. 



Crossoptilon auritum. 



Manchu : Yahana coko [Z. Russian glukhar = grouse]. 



Chinese : Huo cm [usually means the Turkey]. 



The "Mirror" says: It resembles the sunggin gasha (No. 18): it is larger than the 

 pheasant ; body blackish ; head and neck dark-blue ; beak white ; reddish rings round the eyes ; 

 feet all red ; tail white, but slightly black at the extremity. It stands two Chinese feet in height. 



