TURKI, MANCHU AND CHINESE. 313 



The "Mirror" says: Has a black body and bifurcated tail. Appears in China in the middle 

 of spring, and migrates in the middle of the autumn. 



The Turki word for a swallow takes a great variety of forms, amongst which the 

 following may be noted :—g\Jjjs J&if and xyaSp 



Amyot, Vol. II, p. 448, defines cibin as : " Nom d'une espece d'oie qui a sur la queue quelques 

 taches rouges " ! 



Scully gives Hi qarloghac, " a house-swallow," for Hirundo rustica. 



266. Quyran Qarloghac. gUJ;U ^vV 



The Crag Martin. 

 Cotile rupestris. 



Manchu: Hada cibin [Z. Hirundo riparia], 

 Chinese : Shih .yen. 

 The "Mirror" says : Has a long grey tail; somewhat larger than the common cibin. Makes 

 its nest under the eaves of houses and on rocky prominences. 



A Chinese saying, shih yen fei = " the stone-martins are on the wing," is an indi- 

 cation of coming rain. 



267. Qalmaq Qarloghac. ^yp (jUU 



The Kalmuk or Mongolian Swallow. 

 Manchu: Monggo cibin. 

 Chinese : Hu yen. 

 The "Mirror" says: Somewhat smaller than the all-black swallow. Found on the borders 

 of Mongolia. 



The Chinese hu means Mongolian. The Turki definition of Kalmuk is more 

 precise. 



268. Uwwaci Qarloghac. ^cJp t^r^W 



A sacred swallow. 



Manchu: Boihoju cibin. 



Chinese : She yen. 



The " Mirror" says: Swallow with red eyeballs, black beak, blackish feet, white wings with 

 small spots. Appears in China on the 5th day from the beginning of winter ("the day of the 

 bringing of the sacrifices of two lands"). 



The Turki uwwa means a "bird's nest," and must not be confounded with iii, 

 " a house," see No. 265. 



269. Qum Uwwa Qarloghac. ^Jp lyl ey 



The Sand Martin. 

 Cotile riparia, Linn. 

 Manchu: Yonggan cibin. 

 Chinese : Sha yen. 



