THE PALAS OF BENGAL. 49 



on near the city of Gwalior, and a pencil rubbing of which with a photograph 

 was handed over to the late Dr. Kielhorn by Dr. A. F. R. Hcernle. A summary 

 of this inscription was published by Dr. Kielhorn and it became known that 

 Nagabhata II, son of Vatsaraja of the Gurjara-Pratihara family, conquered a 

 king named Cakrayudha, (( whose low state was manifested by his dependence 

 on another (or others)," and defeated the Lord of Vaiiga.' The Cakrayudha 

 mentioned in this inscription is evidently the same Cakrayudha who received 

 the sovereignty of Mahodaya from Dharmmapala of Bengal, and this identity 

 is made doubly certain by the phrase " paratrayakrta-sphuta-nica-bhavam." The 

 inscription has since been edited by Pandit Hirananda Sastrl of the Archaeological 

 Survey, Northern Circle, and the verses about the conquests of Nagabhata II 

 run thus : — 



Trayy = aspadasya snkrtasya samrddhim = icchur = yah ksatradhara-vidki-vaddha 

 vali-prabandhah , 



Jitva paraSraya-krta-sphuta-nica-bhavant Cakrayudham vinayanamra-purvvarajat. 

 — verse gr 



As a confirmation of the above statement came the verses of an unpublished 

 grant of Amoghavarsa I, now in the possession of Prof. Sridhara R. Bhandarkar, 

 according to which during the victorious march of Govinda III, Dharmma and 

 Cakrayudha submitted of their own accord to that king : — 



Himavat = parvvata-nirjjhar = ambu turagaih pitaii = ca gadhah-gajair-ddhanitam 

 majjan-turyakair = dvigunitam bhuyopi tat-kandare, svayam = ev = opanatan 

 ca yasya mahatas = tau Dharmma-C akravudhau Himavan-kirttisarupatam- 

 upa°atas-tat = kirttinarayanah. — verse 23. 3 



As Nagabhata is mentioned in the preceding verse there remains no doubt 

 about the dentity of Dharmma and Cakrayudha and the Cakrayudha and the 

 King of Bengal of the Gwalior inscription. He is the very same person who was 

 seated on the throne of Mahodaya or Kanauj by Dharmmapala of Bengal and who 

 was defeated by the Gurjara king Nagabhata at the same time as the Pala king. The 

 mention of Nagabhata in the preceding verse makes this identification doubly 

 certain : — 



Sa Nagabhata-Candragupta-nrpayor-yas'o(?) r-yam rane svaharyam = apaharya 

 dhairya-vikalan-ath-onmidayan. 



Yasor-jjanaparo nrpan-svabhuvi tali sasyan-iva punah punaratisthipat-svapada 

 eva c — any an = api. — verse 22/ 



So it is evident that the Kings Nagabhata II and Govinda III were the 

 contemporaries of Dharmmapala and Cakrayudha. We possess a certain date for 

 Nagabhata II, in the Buchkala inscription; the Vikrama year 872=815 a.d.° 



1 Nachrichten von der Konigl. Ges. der Wiss. zu Gottingen, Phil. Hist klasse, 1905, p. 301. 



2 Ann. Rep. Archl. Surv- ., 1903 — 04, pp 281 and 284. 



3 J.B.B.R.A.S., Vol. XXII, pt. LXI, p 118. * Ibid. 6 Epi. Ind., Vol. IX, p. 198. 



