INTERNAL ANATOMY OF INSECTS, 39 
of Copris the corrugations form a perplexed labyrinth ; 
in the caterpillar of the puss-moth the plaits are so nar- 
row as to look like rays?; and in some Dynastide the 
lips approach to a lamellated structure. Again, in Hy- 
drophilus caraboides the upper lip, and in Dytiscus cir- 
cumflexus, both lips seem formed of elegant plumes®: a 
similar ornament distinguishes the inner edge of the lips 
in the caterpillar of the great goat-moth (Cossus lig- 
niperda) and others*. Inthe grub of the rhinoceros- 
beetle (Oryctes nasicornis) the margin of the lower or in- 
ner lip is decorated by pinnated rays, which enter the 
cellular membrane that covers the upper lip?: in this 
larva, and that likewise of the cockchafer, the two lips 
are formed of different substances ; in the last the upper 
or outer one consists of a perforated cellular membrane, 
through which the air can pass, while the lower or inner 
one is a cartilaginous valve that closes the orifice®: in 
the former this valve is surmounted by a boss‘. In the 
pupa of Smerinthus Populi, ahawk-moth not uncommon, 
and of some dragon-flies (Libellula depressa), the margin 
of the two lips is crenated, probably with notches which 
alternate, that the mouth of the spiracle may shut more 
accurately®. The substance is unusually thick im the 
spinose caterpillars of butterflies; and in the pupa of one, 
Hesperia Proteus, it is villose. 
Under the present head I may observe, that in some 
cases, as in the puss-moth, and the larva of the common 
a Sprengel, 7. ¢. iii. f. 30. b Ibid, t. ii. f. 22. ¢ in. f. 29 
© Prate XXIX. Fie. 29, 
4 Jbid. Fic. 16. Sprengel, Zdid. 9. t. 1. f. 4—6. 
© FbideO, £. 1.f.9s . f Prats XXIX. Fic. 16. a. 
& Sprengel, Ibid. ¢. iii. f. 27. 
