98 INTERNAL ANATOMY OF INSECTS. 
coecums, and in the folds of its interior—exhibits varia~ 
tions altogether analogous to those of vertebrate animals, 
and which produce similar effects?. As to its parts, it 
may be considered as consisting of two larger portions, 
between which the biliary or hepatic vessels form the 
point of separation. In the first, the most universal parts 
are the gullet and the stomach; and in the second, the 
small intestine and the large intestine®. 
1. The gullet (Gsophagus‘) is that portion of the in- 
testinal canal which, receiving the food from the pharynx, 
or immediately from the mouth, conveys it to the sto- 
mach. Though it often ends just behind the head4, it 
is usually continued through the ¢runk, and sometimes 
even extends into the middle of the abdomen®; it there- 
fore seldom much exceeds in length half the body. It 
is constantly long when the head is connected with 
the trunk by a narrow canal—as in the Hymenoptera, 
Neuroptera, Lepidoptera, &c.; but is frequently short 
when these parts are more intimately united’. It often 
ends in a kind of sac analogous to the crop of birds. 
Under this head I must mention a part discovered by 
Ramdohr, which he calls the food-bag (Speisesack), pe- 
culiar to, as he thinks, Diptera. From the mouth in 
these proceeds a narrow tube into the abdomen, where 
it expands into a blind sac having no connexion with 
the stomach ; so that the fluid food, as blood, &c. stored 
in it, must be regurgitated into the mouth before it can 
* Cuv. whi supr. 113, > Comp. Ramdohr Anat. 7. 
© Pirate XXI. Fic. 3. c. 4 Tenebrio Ramdohr, ubi supr. 9, 
tive pols © Agrion. Ibid. t. xv. f. 4. a, b. f Tbid., 
& Many other insects that live by suction have something similar, 
as the honey-bag of butterflies, Plarr XXX. Fic. 10,11. a. Ram- 
dohr ¢. xviii. f. 2. with ¢, xix. f£. 1—3, and xxi. 1. 3, &c. 
