100 INTERNAL ANATOMY OF INSECTS. 
plaited-stomach (Falten-magen*). It is a short fleshy 
part, consisting of two skins, placed above the opening 
of the stomach, and perhaps rather belongs to the gullet. 
The inner skin is formed into longitudinal folds, and 
sometimes armed with horns, teeth, or bristles. Its ca- 
vity is very small and compressed, so as to admit only 
small masses of food, and yet present them to a wide sur- 
face for the action of the teeth or bristles ;—in this sto- 
mach therefore, as in the gizzard of birds, to which it 
seems clearly analogous, the food is more effectually - 
comminuted and rendered fit for digestion. ‘The mus- 
cles, by which its action upon the food is supported, in 
some species amount to many thousands*. Rudiments 
of a gizzard are sometimes found concealed in the gullet 
of manyinsects?. The idea of Swammerdam, Cuvier, &c. 
that grasshoppers and other insects that have this kind 
of stomach, chew the cud*, Ramdobr affirms is entirely 
erroneous‘. Besides its divisions, the stomach has other 
appendages that require notice. In most Orthoptera, a 
pair or more of blind intestines or ceca may be found at 
the point of union of the gizzard with the stomach 8, which 
have been regarded as forming a third stomach: they 
also begin the stomach in the louse"; they form ‘a coro- 
net round the apex of that organ, in the grub of the cock- 
chafer‘; and in that of the rose-beetle, there is one at the 
apex, one in the middle, and a third at the base*. Be- 
sides these appendages, which are formed of the skin of 
* Ramdohr Anat. 15. » Thid. 18. © [bid. ad Tbid. 
© Swamm. Bibl. Nat.i.94.b. Cuv. Anat. Comp. iv. 134, 
f Ubi-supr. 18. © Tbidet. 171s :e) bec 9s go h. 
BO TGtd ta 2XV. fade Ob. i Toid. ¢, vill. f. 3. ce. 
¥ Thid. t. vit. f. 2. 
