INTERNAL ANATOMY OF INSECTS. 101 
the stomach, there are others that are not so. In the Pre- 
daceous and some other beetles, the whole external sur- 
face of this organ is covered with small blind appendages 
opening into the space between its two skins, which cause 
it to resemble a shaggy cloth; these Ramdohr calls shags 
(zotte*), and Cuvier, hairs® (villi). These appendages 
the latter author seems to regard as organs that secrete 
the gastric juice and render it to the stomach‘; but the 
former thinks their use uncertain 4. 
3. The small intestines (Intestina parva) are the por- 
tion of intestines next the stomach, and consist often of 
three distinct canals ;—the first is supposed to be analo- 
gous to the duodenum ; it is found only in the Coleopterous 
genera S:lpha L. and Lampyris L., and is distinguished 
from the succeeding intestine by being perfectly smooth ¢. 
Next follows the thin intestine (Dunndarm Ram.), which 
in the above insects is wrinkled ; it most commonly imme- 
diately follows the stomach. Sometimes it is wholly want- 
ing, asin Agrion, the Hemiptera’, &c. Ramdohr conjec- 
tures that it is not solely destined for conveying the ex- 
crement, but that probably some juices are separated in it 
from the food especially for the nutrition of the gall- 
vessels, as their principal convolutions are mostly near 
this intestine’ ; which perhaps may in some cases be re- 
garded as analogous to the jejunum in vertebrate ani- 
mals. The third pair of the small intestines, which per- 
haps represents the z/ewm, Ramdohr distinguishes by the 
name of club-shaped (Keulformigen Darm*). It may ge-- 
4 
* Ibid. 20. > Anat. Comp. iv. 132. 
© Ibid. and 136. ¢ Ubi supr. 30. 
* Thideeleisiv f. 2. e.t.¥.f..1. df, 4, D.  [bid. 32. 
& Tbid. 34, » Tbid, 35. 
