INTERNAL ANATOMY OF INSECTS. 109 
nues the same in every state, is short, or only moderately 
long ; the gullet has one or two lateral pouches or crops?, 
and terminates in a gizzard of curious construction, with 
singular folds and teeth; then follows a short stomach, 
usually with a pair or more of caca at its upper extre- 
mity®; the lower intestines are not distinct, and the bile-* 
vessels numerous, short and free‘. 
In the Neuroptera, many of the genera are distin- 
guished by the remarkable length of the gullet, and by 
the lower intestines forming one short piece®. In the Zz- 
bellulina the bile-vessels are numerous, short, and free, 
as in the Orthoptera’. In Hemerobius and Myrmeleon 
there is a gizzard®, and just above it a caecum, in the for- 
mer very remarkable, is connected with the gullet®. 
The Hymenoptera appear all to be distinguished by a 
long slender gullet, terminating in a dilated crop form- 
ing the honey-bag ; their stomach is variable, their small 
intestine slender, and the rectum dilated ;—their bile-ves- 
sels, like those of the two preceding Orders, are nume- 
rous, short, and free'. Inthe ants and ichneumons there 
is an approach to a gizzard*. In the wasp and humble- 
bee the stomach is very long, with muscular rings sur- 
rounding it'. In this Order the larvee at first have no 
lower intestines and void no excrement", but as they ap- 
‘proach to the pupa state one begins to appear®. 
@ Ramdohr ¢. if. 1. 5. 9. DUTbIO fn tele do) Ou lec: 
¢ Ibid. f. \. e, f. 5. c.f. 9. gh. aaTbid. j- 1. 9. he 
© Ibid. t. xv. f. 3, 4.4. xvii. f. 2.6. § Ibid. toxv. f. 3, 40 f- 
& Jbid. t. xvii. f. 2. ¢. f- 6. d. ne bid. frien 0. fOn ee 
i Ibid. t. xii. f,6. Ht. xiii fifi * Ibid. t. xiv. f. 2, 3, C. 
| [bid. t. xii. f. 6. De t. xiii. 6.1.6. ™ Ibid. 183, t. xii. f. 1-3. 
= Thid. f. 4. 
