258 ORISMOLOGY, 
il, 
2. 
~I 
A. GENERAL ORISMOLOGY. 
L SUBSTANCE. 
Memsranous (Membranacea). A fine, thin, trans- 
parent substance. A Membrane. Ex. Wings of 
Hymenoptera and Diptera. 
Prrcameneous (Pergamenea). A thin, tough, and 
less transparent substance, somewhat resembling 
parchment. Ex. The Tegmina of the Orthoptera’*. 
CortacEeous (Coriacea). A thicker, flexible sub- 
stance, resembling leather. Ex. Elytra of Tele- 
phorus and the Malacodermi Latr. 
. CornEous (Cornea). A hard infiexible substance 
resembling horn. Ex. Elytra of Lucanus Cervus 
and many other Coleoptera. 
Crustaceous (Crustacea). A rigid calcareous sub- 
stance. Ex. The Shell of a Lobster or Crab. 
. Catitous (Callosa). A substance without pores, 
harder than the surrounding matter, and usually 
elevated above it. Ex. Elevated parts of the Collar 
in Nomada ¥'. (Mon. Ap. Angl. Apis *b.)° Spots on 
the elytra of Stenocorus bimaculatus and affinities. 
. CartitaciNneous (Cartilaginea). A gristly substance 
between bone and ligament. Ex. The Tongue of 
many dymenoptera. 
SUBEREOUS (Suberea). A soft elastic substance 
somewhat resembling cor‘. The galls of some 
* The elytra of this Order in general differ so materially both 
from membrane and corium, that it was requisite to invent a term 
to distinguish them. ® Mon. Ap. Angi. i. t. v. f. 8. 6, c. 
* We use this term because suberosa is employed in a quite differ- 
ent sense. 
