HISTORY OF ENTOMOLOGY. 425 
pears probable, from an epithet by which Hesiod dis- 
tinguishes the spider—air-flying *, that the fact of these 
insects traversing the air was at that time no secret. 
Apollodorus, as we learn from Pliny», was the first mo- 
nographer of insects, since he wrote a treatise upon scor- 
pions, and described nine species. But like many other 
Zoologists, by mistaking analogy for affinity, he has in- 
cluded a winged insect, probably a Panorpa, amongst 
his scorpions. From the time of Aristotle, however, to 
Pliny, no writer is recorded, with the exception of those 
before alluded to °, that appears to have attended much 
toinsects. They are indeed incidentally noticed by Theo- 
phrastus, Dioscorides, Virgil, Ovid, &c., but without 
any material addition to the~ stock of entomological — 
knowledge bequeathed to us by the Stagyrite. Even 
Pliny’s vast compendium, as it professed to be, of the 
natural history of the globe, was in many respects little 
more than a compilation from that great philosopher. 
Still, however, though he does not appear to have paid 
much practical attention to insects,—which indeed, con- 
sidering the extent of his views, was scarcely to be ex- 
pected,—yet as a guide to the then state of entomologi- 
cal knowledge, and as an advocate for the study, which 
in the exordium of his eleventh book he has so elo- 
quently and with so much animation defended from the 
misrepresentations of ignorance, Pliny has conferred a 
lasting obligation on the science. The last zoological 
writer of note was /Klian, who amongst other animals 
often mentions insects. He has, however, few original 
observations. One was, that scorpions are viviparous‘. 
® Gr. Aseainotntoc aoayyy. Dies. lin. 13. ° Hist. Nat.1.xi. c, 25. 
© Vor. 1. p. 485. Vor. IL. p.121—. * De Natur. Animal. 1, vi. c. 20. 
