482 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF INSECTS. 
tention under the second branch of our present subject— 
the ¢opographical distribution of insects; namely, their 
Climates, their Range, and their Representation. 
i. Entomologists, taking heat for the principal regulator 
of the station of insects, have divided the globe into ento- 
mological climates. Fabricius considers it as divisible into 
eight such climates, which he denominates the Indzan, 
Egyptian, Southern, Mediterranean, Northern, Oriental, 
Occidental, and Alpine. The first, containing the tro- 
pics; the second, the northern region immediately ad- 
jacent ; the third, the southern; the fourth, the countries 
bordering on the Mediterranean sea, including also 
Armenia and Media; the fifth, the northern part of 
Europe interjacent between Lapland and Paris; the 
sixth, the northern parts of Asia where the cold in winter 
is intense; the seventh, North America, Japan, and 
China; and the eighth, all those mountains whose sum- 
mits are covered with eternal snow?. M. Latreille ob- 
| jects to this division, as too vague and arbitrary and not 
sufficiently correct as to temperature; and observes, with 
great truth, that as places where the temperature is the 
same have different animals, it is impossible, in the actual 
state of our knowledge, to fix these distinctions of climates 
upon a solid basis. ‘The different elevations of the soil 
above the level of the sea, its mineralogical composition, 
the varying quantity of its waters, the modifications which 
the mountains, by their extent, their height, and their di- 
rection, produce upon its temperature; the forests, larger 
or smaller, with which it may be covered; the effects of 
neighbouring climates upon it,—are all elements that 
* Philos. Entomolog. ix. § 20. 
