498 LOCAL DISTRIBUTION OF INSECTS. 
picera of Brazil is of a different type from that of New 
Holland. The singular genus Cremastochezlus of North 
America has its representative in Africa in Genuchus K.* 
The Lucani of the rest of the world give place in New 
Holland to Lamprima Latr. and Ryssonotus McL.—I 
could produce a much greater number of examples, but 
these are sufficient to explain my meaning. 
Having thus given you some, though an imperfect ac- 
count, of the geographical distribution of insects, I am 
next to say something concerning their Jocal distribution 
in any district, or their favourite haunts ; a knowledge 
of which, with respect to those of our own country, is in- 
dispensable to the collector. 
The surface of a country consists either of mountains 
hills and valleys, or of plains. It is diversified by forest, 
wood, or copse; and watered by rivers, rivulets, lakes, 
and pools. Those parts that are not clothed with wood 
are either open or inclosed, forming grassy downs, heaths, 
pastures, meadows, morasses, and arable land. The soil 
also is equally various :—-we find clay, loam, marl, chalk, 
vegetable mould, moor, sand, &c. The mountains and 
hills are either covered with a stratum of soil, or are 
rocky and bare; the arable lands are divided by living 
or dead fences, the latter formed of various materials, 
—or else they are open, and the property only marked 
out by grassy balks, &c. All these places abound in 
shrubs and plants; some local, and some generally distri- 
buted. But besides the Jand and its fresh waters, we 
must look also to the sea, and its sandy, pebbly, or rocky 
* Linn. Trans. xiv. 569. 
