h6 



MESSRS. H. E. STAPLETON AND R. F. AZO 



Iron . . 

 Tin (Qal'iY 

 Mercury . 



Sulphur . 



Arsenic Sulphide 



Qily . . . «. 



Lime . . . . 

 Sal-Ammoniac . 

 Salt . . • . 

 [Borax . . . 



Zaj 



' Iqlimia ' of Gold, 

 or " Marqashi- 

 tha. " . . . . 



comes from Mosul and the towns of Syria. 1 The latter 

 is red, and is brought from Basrah and the towns of 

 Khurasan. 

 (See above.) 



On account of its excessive heat, it has the property of 

 killing lice. 3 



Both Body and Spirit. 4 It unites with heated bodies, and 

 completely destroys them. It also blackens Silver and 

 Copper. Of its different varieties — yellow, white, and 

 red, — the red is only found in the West and is much used 

 in the making of Gold. Tiie White has a strong smell. 



Red, Yellow, Bay-coloured ( ^y^ Daizaj) and Grey. The 

 ' Daizaj"' is the variety that is used, mixed with lime, 

 as a depilatory. The other varieties after calcination, 

 whiten copper and remove its offensive odour. 8 



Only mentioned incidentally as a cleansing agent, com- 

 parable to salt.] 



The names of its varieties are : ' Qalqatar,' ' Suri,' 

 'Qalqadis,' and 'Oalqand.' 6 



It contains an admixture of Sulphur. . . . After this 

 sulphurous part has been burnt away, ... it enters into 

 many processes of the Art. 7 



1 Evidently a light-coloured alloy. It is probably that referred to in Bar Bahlul's Syriac Dictionary (written at Baghdad 

 c. 950 A.D.) as ' Bilati,' or White Copper. (Duval's trans., apud Berthelot, La Chimie, II, p. 123). 



2 It is a remarkable fact that metallic Lead is never alluded to in the experimental chapters of the 'Ainu-s-San'ah, although 

 some of its compounds are mentioned. 



3 A similar statement is quoted from Ar-Razi by Ibnu-1-Baitar (trans, cit., II, p. 229). 



* Cf. the statement of the contemporary Syriac treatise, published by Berthelot (La Chimie, II, p. 73) that Arsenic Sulphide 

 possesses both a soul and a body. 



6 Daizaj may also mean ' ash-coloured.' This translation would bring the description into harmony with the present-day 

 Indian custom of using a more or less completely oxidised Zarnikh (arsenic sulphide) as a depilatory. The whitening of the 

 copper would be due to the formation of copper arsenate. For a similar statement, cf. Ibnu-1-Baitar's quotation from the 

 pseudo-Aristotle's Book of Stones, trans, cit., II, p. 205. 



8 The Greek XaAKrirdpiv, 2<£pi, Xa\K7ris and XaKKavOov ; cf. Bar Bahltil, loc. cit., p. 124, and this paper, antea, p. 53, note (6). 

 For their preparation, see the contemporary Syrio-Arabic treatise, apud Berthelot, La Qhimie, II, pp. 146 and 147. 



1 ' Iqlimia' (from which our word 'calamine ' is derived) is identified by Bar Bahlul, loc. cit., p. 127, with ' cadmia,' one of 

 the volatile products formed in the manufacture of silver and copper (Dioscorides, Materia Medica, V, 84). In the Ma/dti^u-l* 

 'Ulum, ed. cit., p. 263, the word is spelt Qalimia and is defined as the impurity that separates from anything. The alteration of 



