ANIMALS IN THE INSCRIPTIONS OF P1YADASI. 367 



permissible foods. The eating of its flesh is specially forbidden (Gautama, xvii. 28 ; Vasistha 

 xiv. 48; Manu v. 12; Apast. i. 5. 17. 35), and involved penances (Visnu, li. 30; 

 Yajfiyavalkya, i. 173; Usanas ix. 25; S'ankha xvii, 24). The mere killing of the bird 

 involved penance and offering of gifts (Apast i. 9. 25. 13 ; Visnu 1. 33 ; Sarhvartta,. 145 ; 

 Parasara vi. 2.). 



(vii) The goose, harhse (in all, A. eff.). 



Cf. harhse in the Jatakas, plural harhsd (476, iv. 211 ; 502, iv. 423). 



Known from the very earliest times. In Rg-samhita they are connected with the 

 twin-gods Asvins, and are said to separate the soma from water (i. 65. 9. ii. 34. 5, 

 iii. 8. 9, iii. 53. 10, iv. 40. 5, iv. 45. 4; vii. 59. 7). In Ath. sarh, vi. 12. 1 the night is 

 described as putting to rest all animals except the hamsa bird. They are also named in 

 Taitt. sarh. v. 5. 20; and in Vajasan. sarh. xix. 73, xxiv. 22, 35. 



The bird is classed among the vari-carinah (Car. Sutra, xxvii. 39), and among the 

 samghata-carinah (Sus. Sutra ch. xlvi.). According to both the flesh of the goose is heavy 

 to digest, warm, oily, sweet, strength-giver, good for voice and colour, increases blood 

 and semen-power, and allays the winds (Car. Sutra, xxvii. 63 ; Sus. Sutra, ch. xlvi.). 

 The goose flesh, egg, and semen form ingredients of various aphrodisiacs (Car. Cikitsita, 

 ii. 40, 42, 47, 59) ; while the flesh is prescribed as diet in consumption (ib. viii. 154) and 

 the semen as medicine in head-disease (id. xxvi. 158). 



In the time of the Dharma-Sutras hamsa flesh had become a forbidden food (Gau- 

 tama, xvii. 28; Vasistha, xiv. 48 ; Manu v. 12 ; Apast. i. 5. 17. 35); special penances 

 were laid down for its eating (Visnu, li. 29 : Yajfiyavalkya, i. 172 ; Usanas, ix. 24). 

 The mere killing of the bird involved penances (Manu xi. 136, Visnu 1. 33 ; Yajfiya- 

 valkya, iii. 272; Usanas, ix. 11; Samvartta 144; Parasara vi. 2; Sankha xvii. 23; 

 Apast. i. 9. 25. 13). 



(viii) Narhdi-mukhe (in all). _, .. 



_ mukhe. 



Unidentified. I have found it named in the older medical works (Ard-nandimukhi- 

 vdti ', Car. Sutra, xxvii. 41 ; sardrimickha-nandlmukha-midga , Sus. Sutra, ch. xlvi). It 

 is put in the same class with the cakravdka and the hamsa, viz., vdricarinah (Caraka) and 

 samghata-carinah (Susruta), and is, therefore, evidently an aquatic bird. 



(ix) Gelate (in all.) GeIatc> 



Unidentified. Placed between the narhdi-mukha and the jdtaka, it seems to have 

 been a bird. It may be a variant of the animal named golattikd (Taitt. sarh. v. 5. 16 ; 

 Vajasan. sam, xxiv. 37). 



(x) The bat. Bat 



Jatukd (Ds. 4), °ke Vkd (A. 21 ; Dm. eff.) °ka (R. 2, Mat. 3). 



Jatu is mentioned in Ath. sam ix. 2, 22 ; Vaj.-sam xxiv. 25, 36; Mahabhasya under 

 Pan. iv. 1. 71. In the Amarakosa Jatuka (var. °kd) is given another synonym ajina- 

 patra or skin-winged (ii. 5. 26). 



