368 



MONMOHAN CHAKRAVARTI ON 



Dr. Buhler takes it to be the flying-fox (Bengali cdmcikd), but it would be more pro- 

 perly the bat (Bengali badua). The flesh of flying-fox is not taken in Eastern India on 

 account of its disagreeable smell. But bat's flesh is eaten by the pdsis, the kelds and other 

 lower classes. 



White-ant. 



Female 

 tortoise. 



Boneless 

 Fish. 



Veda- 

 veyake. 



(xi) The white-ant queen. 



Ambd-kapllika (Ds. 4), "kapilika (A. 21 ; Dm. eff.), "Kapilika (R. 3 ; Mat. 3). 



Cf. in the Jatakas kipillikdni, (J at. 490, iv. 331 ; 514,- v.. 39); Kipillika, kipillaka 

 (120, i. 439 ; 407, iii. 370) and also pipilika (386, iii. 276, 277). 



This name has been hitherto a stumbling-block. But Buhler is right in his guess 

 that it refers to the queen-ant. 



Susruta divides the pipllikds (ants) into six classes (kalpasthana ch. viii). viz., sthula- 

 sirsd, samvdhikd, Brdhmanikd, Angulika, kapilika and citra-varnd. Further definition 

 of it as white-ant is to be found in Jataka 490, iv. 331, verse 11, where the bear is asked 

 about his food ' the ants in the ant-hills ' (vammika thupastnini kipillikani), cf. also tamba- 

 kipillkdni ( 514, v. 39) ; kuntha-kipillika-mattc (120, i. 439) ; kipillaka-puta-paticchannam 

 (407, iii. 370). 



The ants in general are known from the very earliest times, pipila in Rk-sarh. x. 

 16. 6, pipilika and upajikd (Ath. sam. ii. 3. 4 vi. 100 vii. 56. 7, xx. 135. 3). Ants are 

 mentioned in various other Vedic works, e.g., in Satapatha-brahmana (xiv. 4, 2, 9, 29), 

 Pancavimsa-brahmana (v. 6, 10, xv. 17, 8), Tandya-brahmana, Cankhay. Cr. sutra 

 (xii. 23, 10), Laty. Cr. su. (iv. 7, 1), Kaus. sutra (xi. 93, 116), Nirutka (vii. 13), Rg- 

 Pratisakhya (xvi. 24, xxvii. 35). 



In Kausika-sutra, the mud of the ant-hill is prescribed as charm (xxv. 7, xxvi. 43, 

 xxxi. 26, xxxii. 6) ; for its use in sacrifices, cf. also Satap. br. vi. 3, 3-5, xlv. 1, 2, 10. 



(xii) The female tortoise. 



Dadi (Ds. 4 ; s. 21), dudi (R. 3, Mat. 3). 



Dud! has been defined by Rayamukuta, and in Medini and Haravali as a small 

 tortoise. Biihler accordingly takes it to be the terrapin of the Indian gardens. But really 

 it means the female tortoise (kacchupi dull, Hemchandra 1353; kacchapasya duli, 

 Mahabhasya vol. iii. p. 152 ; kamathi dulih, Amarkosa i. 10, 24. 



(xiii) The boneless fish 

 Anathika-maahc (in all). 



According to both Senart and Buhler the boneless fish probably means prawn. 

 This is doubtful. It probably refers to a group of fish. 



For anathika, cf. anasthdntu (Manu xi. 141 ; Yajn. iii. 269), anasthimata (Gautama 

 xxii. 21), anasthin (samvartta 148). 



(xiv) veda-vcyake (in all). 

 Unidentified. From its position in the context it is very likely an aquatic animal. -Is it 



