the belief being that the action benefited the two persons who were thus buried 

 together. Apparently the woman's body was not burnt. 



Fig. 2 is a photograph of a camp of Koravars on the outskirts of the town of 

 Ramanad. These people form a nomadic and criminal tribe which has its headquarters 

 in, if it is not confined to the sub-division. Judging from their appearance, they do not 

 belong to the aboriginal population, but are probably descended from outcastes from 

 other communities. They live an unsettled life, wandering about the country accom- 

 panied by large herds of pigs, which closely resemble the Indian wild boar. They also 

 make baskets and bore the ears of Hindu girls belonging to the lower castes ; but their 

 main occupation is that of thieving. They are adepts at disguising themselves, at 

 proving an alibi by long and secret marches, and at concealing stolen property. .. Their 

 only abodes are the huts represented in the photograph. These are made of mats manu- 

 factured from strips of the leaves of the Palmyra palm (Borassus flabellifer) stretched on 

 a few sticks. One man can easily carry the materials of a hut for a long distance. 



The objects represented in figs. 3 (a, b, c, d, and e) are figured of the natural size. 

 They are toys and ornaments made by Muhummadan women at Kilakarai on the 

 Gulf of Manaar, the materials being catechu heated over the fire and worked with the 

 hands while still in a plastic state. Such ornaments (e.g., that represented by fig. 3d) 

 are often ornamented with the little, hard, scarlet-and-black seeds (Abrus., precqtorius) 

 so frequently used in ornamental work in different parts of India. Some much more 

 elaborate specimens were obtained, one representing an elephant .with a howdah on its 

 back, but were unfortunately broken on the journey to Calcutta. 



Fig. 4, 40 are photographs of the marriage- tokens worn by Hindu women of the 

 lower castes. They are made of cane and hung round the neck on a string by every 

 married women. The circles and cross-lines upon them are roughly scratched with 

 a knife and blackened with oil, which is rubbed into them. 



The rings figured in figs. 5 and jii are made of lead and were worn in the ears of 

 of low-caste Hindu girls, in order to stretch the lobes. The, lobes are bored when the 

 girl is only a few years old and a tight roll of cloth or palm-leaf introduced into the 

 aperture. This is gradually increased in size by the introduction of larger rolls, until it 

 is big enough to hold a lead ring. First one and then several such rings are introduced, 

 until there may be , when the girl is about seven years of age , as many as five rings in 

 each ear. Later, they are removed and the stretched lobe is ornamented with gold 

 ornaments according to the means of the girl's family. 



Indian Weighing-beams. (Plate C.) — 



The specimens figured in this plate belong to a type of weighing-beam which has 

 neither a pan for weights corresponding to the pan in which the object to be weighed is 

 placed, nor free weights which can be moved along a scale on the beam or suspended 

 therefrom at a definite point. In this type the butt of the beam is itself, heavy, and 

 the point at which the beam is suspended can be altered, the change in leverage thus 

 induced compensating for a certain weight, which is noted on a scale marked on the 

 beam. The beam so constructed is conveniently known as a bismer, the name being of 



