FURTHER SUGGESTIONS 



Pines should not be cut during a drought. Bark 



beetles rapidly increase in logging slash, and when 

 trees are weakened by drought they become much more 

 vulnerable to these insects. If pines begin to turn 

 yellow in summer, the farmer should look on the upper 

 parts of their trunks for pitch balls caused by beetles. 

 If he finds any, he should cut the tree at once, peel all 

 bark from the stem, and burn the bark together with the 

 top to kill the beetles before they go to other trees. (He 

 should be careful not to burn the woods, too.) When 

 tops of pine trees turn brown, the beetles have gone to 

 other trees and it is too late to control them. 



^Tunk knots'' or "galls" indicate heart rot. All 

 trees on which they are found should be cut if they con- 

 tain usable material, and if not should be deadened. 



Each tree selected for cutting should be marked 

 with a spot of paint or an ax blaze. 



* Cutting should leave low stumps, and the whole of 

 every tree cut should be used. Tops may make posts, 

 fuel, pulpwood, or chemical wood. 



Thinning of young stands may be delayed until the 

 trees are large enough to make pulpwood, peeled posts, 

 or other useful products. 



Pruning of forest trees is sometimes advisable, 

 especially if there is prospect that the logs produced can 

 be sold by grade. Trees with D + 6 spacing prune them- 

 selves. An open-grown tree may be pruned with a saw 

 to a height of 18 feet or whatever part of this height 

 amounts to 60 percent of the total height. It does not 

 pay to prune trees larger than 8 inches in diameter. 



The woodland should have a dense border of low- 

 hanging limbs, shrubs, and vines. This serves as a 

 windbreak, conserving moisture and thus improving 

 growing conditions inside the stand. It provides a JBne 

 nesting place for quail, too. 



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