October 17, 1884] 



SCIENCE 



371 



the full programme carried out at the Naiu 

 observaton r . This station is too far south to 

 be indicated on our chart. 



4. Godthaab, Greenland, in latitude 64° 

 12', and longitude 51° 42' west of Greenwich, 

 established by the Danish government under 

 direction of Adjunct Paulsen of the Meteor- 

 ological institute. The party, consisting of 

 six persons, left Copenhagen, Ma}^ 17, 1882, 

 arriving at Godthaab, Aug. 1. It carried out 

 its work with success according to the pro- 

 gramme. 



5. Fort Rae, on the northern arm of Great 

 Slave Lake, in latitude 62° 38', longitude 115° 

 25' west of Greenwich, was established by the 

 co-operation of Great Britain and Canada, 

 under the auspices of the London meteoro- 

 logical office. The party commanded by 

 Capt. Dawson left London, Ma}~ 11, 1882, and 

 arrived at its destination in August. It car- 

 ried the international work to a successful 

 conclusion, and returned to civilization safely 

 in September, 1883. 



6. Point Barrow, Alaska. The station at 

 Uglaamie, a short distance from the Point, in 

 latitude 71° 18', and longitude 156° 40' west 

 of Greenwich, was established by the United 

 States under the auspices of the Army signal- 

 office. It was commanded by Lieut. P. H. 

 Ray, U.S.A., and left San Francisco, July 18, 

 1881, arriving at its destination, Sept. 8. Ob- 

 servations began Oct. 17, but the full series 

 did not commence until Dec. 1. They were 

 carried on with unimportant interruptions until 

 Aug. 27, 1883, when the paily returned safely 

 to San Francisco, having carried out the 

 programme, and obtained valuable observations 

 on the natural history and geography of the 

 region. 



7. Jan Mayen Island, at Marie Muss Bay, 

 in latitude 71° 0', longitude 8° 36' west of 

 Greenwich. This expedition was sent out from 

 Austria at the expense and under the supervis- 

 ion of Count Wilczek, and was commanded by 

 Lieut. Wohlgemuth of the Austrian navy. It 

 left Tromso, June 20, 1882, and was safely 

 landed on the island of Jan Mayen by July 13. 

 Observations were begun Aug. 1, and carried 

 out with fidelity and success. They were 

 reached by Aug. 3, 1883, and arrived at Vienna 

 on the 22d, having enjoyed perfect health dur- 

 ing their absence, and amassed rich collections 

 of photographs, and of the fauna and flora, 

 etc. 



8. Cape Thordsen, Spitzbergen, in latitude 

 78° 30', longitude 15° 30' east of Greenwich, 

 was selected by the Swedish expedition, Mossel 

 Bay being closed by ice. The expenses of this 



expedition, under the auspices of the Academy 

 of sciences, were defrayed by Mr. O. Smith, a 

 Swedish merchant. It comprised six men, 

 commanded by Mr. Eckholm, who began 

 observations Aug. 23, 1882, and returned 

 Aug. 28 the following year to Tromso, having 

 carried out the programme without loss or ac- 

 cident. 



9. Bossekop, Norway, in latitude 69° 54', 

 longitude 23° 0' east of Greenwich. This sta- 

 tion, directed by Mr. Steen with four assistants, 

 was established by the Norwegian government 

 under the supervision of the Meteorological 

 office. Observations were carried on during 

 the year beginning Aug. 1, 1882. 



10. Sodankyla, Finland, in latitude 67° 24', 

 and longitude 26° 36' east of Greenwich. This 

 station was occupied under the auspices of the 

 Finnish scientific society, at the expense of 

 the government, by a party of four observers 

 commanded by Mr. Biese. Observations were 

 carried on from the middle of August, 1882. 

 This station, like the preceding, being situated 

 on the Scandinavian mainland, the position 

 lacked that element of danger inseparable from 

 the navigation of icy seas. 



11. Karmakuli station, Moller Bay, Novaia 

 Zemlia. This station, in latitude 72° 30', lon- 

 gitude 53° 0' east of Greenwich, was estab- 

 lished by Russia under the auspices of the 

 Imperial geographical society, and commanded 

 by Lieut. Andreieff. The international work 

 was carried on, as well as geographical re- 

 searches. One man died at this station, owing 

 to an amputation of a limb consequent upon 

 an accidental fracture. With the above excep- 

 tion, this partv returned safelv in September, 

 1883. 



12. Sagastir Island, Lena delta, at the west 

 mouth of the Lena, in latitude 73° 0', and longi- 

 tude 124° 42' east of Greenwich, was the sec- 

 ond Russian station. The party under Lieut. 

 Jurgens left St. Petersburg in December, 1881, 

 but did not arrive at its post until the midsum- 

 mer following. The international programme 

 work was begun in September, 1882 ; and at 

 the end of the year, all having gone well, the 

 party volunteered for a second year's observa- 

 tions, which should now be about completed. 

 News from the party may be expected in a 

 few months. 



13. Dickson Haven, on the north coast of 

 Siberia, near the Yenisei mouth, was to have 

 been occupied b} T the Dutch expedition, com- 

 manded by Professor Snellen of the Meteor- 

 ological institute, which sailed on the Varna 

 in the summer of 1882. The expedition was 

 beset near Waigat Strait, and was unable to 



