December 26, 1884.] 



?SCIEN6& 



,8 1 



25- r 



STANDARD TIME. 



For the convenience of the travelling public, there have been adopted by the railroads of the United 

 States and the Dominion of Canada, and to a certain extent by the municipalities of the two countries, 

 five different standards of time, extending from Nova Scotia to the Pacific coast, being as follows : — 



Name. 



Central meridian. 



Intercolonial 



Eastern . . 



Central . 



Mountain „ ...... . 



Pacific 



6o° = 4 11 west from Greenwich. 



75° = 5 h " 



90 = 6 h " " 

 105 = 7 h " " " 

 120 = 8 h " " " 



The calculations of this almanac are given in local mean time, except where otherwise stated. To 

 change to ' standard time,' apply a plus or minus correction, to be found by subtracting the central 

 longitude of the adopted standard from the longitude of the place, reduced to time. 



For example : the standard of Boston is the ' Eastern ' one, carrying (as per schedule above) the lon- 

 gitude of 75 , or 5 hours, which, subtracted from Boston's longitude, 71 ° 4' = 4 11 44™, gives a minus 

 result of 3 56', or 16 minutes, to be subtracted from the printed mean-time values for Boston. 



Again : the standard for St. Paul — the ' Central ' one — is 6 hours, which, subtracted from St. 

 Paul's longitude of 6 h I2 ni , leaves a correction of 12 minutes to be added, in order to change to St. Paul's 

 standard. 



The following table gives the correction for a number of the principal cities of the continent: — 



STANDARD TIME-TABLE. 

 Correction to be applied to local mean time to obtain standard time. 



I 



Standard. 



Correc- 

 tion. 



j Standard. 



Correc- 

 tion. 





M. 





M. 



Eastport, Me Intercolonial. 



+ 28 



Erie, Penn 



Central. 



— 40 



Bangor, Me i Eastern. 



— 25 



Cleveland, 



•« 



— 33 



Augusta, Me i " 



— 21 



Columbus, O 



" 



-28 



Portland, Me " 



jg 



Toledo, O 



" 



-26 



Concord, N.H i 



— 14 



Cincinnati, O 



" 



— 22 



Manchester, N.H. ... " 



— 14 



Detroit, Mich 



" 



-28 



Montpelier, Vt 1 " 



— IO 



Lansing, Mich. . . . 

 Grand Haven, Mich. . 



" 



— 22 



Burlington, Vt " 



— 7 



" 



— 15 



Boston, Mass j " 



-16 



Fort Wayne, Ind. . . . 



" 



— 19 



Springfield, Mass. . . . j 



— 10 



Indianapolis, Ind. . . . 



" 



-16 



Northampton, Mass. . . 



— 9 



Chicago, 111 



" 



— 10 



Newport, R.I 



" 



— *5 



Cairo, 111. ...... 



" 



— 3 



Providence. R.I. . . . 



" 



— 14 



Springfield, III. . , . 



" 



— 2 



Hartford, Conn. . . . 



" 



— 9 



Galena, 111. . . . 



" 



4- 2 



New Haven, Conn. . . 



" 



- 8 



Quincy, 111. . . . , . 



" 



4- 6 



Albany, N.Y 



" 



— 5 



Milwaukee, Wis. . 



" 



- 8 



New York, N.Y. . . . 



" 



— 4 



Janesville, Wis. . . . 

 Madison, Wis 



" 



— 4 



Utica, N.Y 





" 



— 3 



Syracuse, N.Y 



" 



+ 5 



Superior City, Wis. . . 



" 



+ 8 



Rochester, N.Y. . . . 



" 



+ 11 



Dubuque, Io. . .-, . 



" 



+ 3 



Buffalo, N.Y 



" 



+ 16 



Davenport, Io 



" 



+ 3 



Newark, N.J 



" 



— 3 



Des Moines, Io. . . . 



" 



+ 14 



Trenton, N.J 



" 



— 1 



Duluth, Minn 



" 



+ 9 



Philadelphia, Penn. . . | 



4- 1 



St. Paul, Minn. . . . 



" 



+ 12 



■Harrisburg, Penn. ... 1 



■+■ 7 



Minneapolis, Minn. . . 



" 



+ 13 



Pittsburg, Penn. ... 



4- 20 



St. Louis, Mo 



" 



+ 1 



Wilmington, Del. . . . | 



■ |- 2 



Jefferson City, Mo. . . 



" 



+ 9 



Baltimore, Md i " 



+ 6 



Kansas City, Mo, . . . 



" 



+ 18 



Washington, D.C. . 



+ 8 



St. Joseph, Mo. . . . 



" 



+ 19 



Norfolk, Va ! 



+ 5 



Lawrence, Kan. . . . 



" 



+ 21 



Richmond, Va " 



+ 10 



Topeka, Kan 



" 



+ 23 



Lynchburg, Va. 

 Wheeling, W. Va. . . . 



+ x 7 



Omaha, Neb 



" 



+ 24 



+ 23 



Lincoln, Neb 



" 



+ 27 



Wilmington, N.C. ... 



+ 12 



Yankton, Dakota . . . 



" 



+ 29 



Raleigh, N.C 



+ 15 



Bismark, Dakota . . 



" 



+ 43 



Charleston, S.C. . . . ] 



4- 20 



Savannah, Ga 



-36 



Columbia, S.C 



+ 24 



; Milledgeville,Ga. . . . 



1 -27 



Jacksonville, Fla. . 

 Pensacola, Fla. 

 Lexington, Ky. 

 Louisville, Ky. . . 

 Knoxville, Tenn. . 

 Nashville,' Tenn. . 

 Memphis, Tenn. . 

 Montgomery, Ala. 

 Huntsville, Ala. . 

 Mobile, Ala. . . 

 Holly Springs, Miss. 

 Jackson, Miss. . . 

 New Orleans, La. . 

 Shreveport, La. . 

 Little Rock, Ark. . 

 Fort Gibson, Ind. Te 

 Galveston, Tex. . 

 Houston, Tex . . 

 Dallas, Tex. . . 

 Austin, Tex. . . 

 San Antonio, Tex. 

 Cheyenne, Wyoming. 

 Denver, Col. . . 

 Santa Fe, N. Mex, 

 Helena, Montana . 

 Salt Lake City, Utah 

 Virginia City, New 

 San Diego, Cal. . 

 Sacramento, Cal. . 

 San Francisco, Cal. 

 Olympia, Wash. Tt 

 Portland, Ore. . . 



Quebec, Quebec . 

 Montreal, Quebec . 

 Ottawa, Ontario . 

 Toronto, Ontario . 



Central. 



Correc- 

 tion. 



Mountain. 



Pacific. 



Eastern. 



i + x 5 



+ 19 



