'W 'A 



mmm^w^ 



Rozol bait bags are placed at arm's length in mountain beaver 

 feeder holes to reduce hazards to other wildlife. 



The results demonstrated that using an integrated 

 pest management (IPM) system of trapping and 

 baiting with chlorophacinone, a rodenticide, may 

 allow for additional seedling protection between 

 trapping and the emergence of herbaceous 

 vegetation, thus decreasing long-term costs of 

 retrapping and replanting. Based on these results, 

 the Washington and Oregon State departments 

 of agriculture approved Special Local Need 

 registrations for use of Rozol™ Pellets (active 

 ingredient chlorophacinone) to control mountain 

 beavers in forested lands west of the Cascade Crest. 



In captive trials, black-tailed deer made foraging choices based 

 on the monoterpene content in plants. The information is 

 being used by researchers to develop more effective repellants 

 for deer. 



Using Natural Tree Chemistry To Prevent Browsing 

 by Ruminants — Browsing by deer and elk can 

 cause significant ecological and economic impacts. 

 Research has shown that area repellants are not 

 effective at reducing deer/elk browsing and that 

 exclusion devices (e.g., fences) are generally cost 

 prohibitive. Thus, new, nonlethal approaches need 

 to be identified. 



Working in collaboration with the British Columbia 

 Ministry of Forests, NWRC scientists studied deer 

 diet selection by offering captive deer cloned 

 copies of western redcedar seedlings of known 

 monoterpene content. (Monoterpenes are a type of 

 terpene or hydrocarbon produced by conifers and 

 are a major component of resin. They are used by 

 plants to deter herbivory.) 



Results demonstrated that black-tailed deer made 

 foraging decisions based on the monoterpene 

 content of the seedlings. Because monoterpene 

 content is a highly heritable trait, it is possible to 

 breed seedlings with elevated monoterpene levels 

 and thus potentially reduce deer/elk browsing in 

 certain areas. 



TITLE: Documenting Impacts, Developing Control 

 Strategies, and Applying Knowledge of 

 Predator Behavior and Demographics To 

 Protect Livestock and Natural Resources 



GOAL: Improve current knowledge of predator 



ecology, physiology, and behavior relative to 

 depredations on species of human concern; 

 assess predator responses to management 

 practices; and develop control approaches 

 that effectively target alpha coyotes. 



Data on predator population dynamics, ecology, and 

 behavior are necessary to understand predation 

 patterns on livestock, game species, and threatened 

 and endangered species. These data are also 

 needed for effective depredation management, but 

 significant gaps of knowledge exist with regard to 

 predator-prey, predator-livestock, and predator- 

 predator relationships. 



Developing Methods 15 



