branches, deformity, etc., but will be in no 

 instance less than eight inches in diameter. 



(2) Pulpwood: Stands with the dominant 

 trees ranging from five through nine inches 

 DBH. Field pine, poor grade, very low, 

 thick branches, will be classified as pulp 

 regardless of DBH. Height, straightness 

 and grade in the pulpwood sizes will point 

 out piling and post types. 



(3) Reproduction: Reproduction will be 

 considered as pine growth from seedlings 

 to stems up to four inches in diameter. 



(4) Seed trees: Cut over timber lands that 

 have three to five trees per acre left for 

 reseeding. 



b. Mixed pine and hardwood: Mixed pines 

 and hardwoods will be classified as follows: 



(1) Heavy stand of mixed pine and hard- 

 wood on bottomland, growing on a pine 

 site. 



(2) Average stand of mixed pine and 

 hardwood on upland, growing on a pine 

 site. 



(3) Average stand mixed hardwood on 

 upland or mountains, growing on a hard- 

 wood site. 



c. Hardwood: 



(1) Saw-timber: Stands with the domi- 

 nant trees ranging from twelve inches 

 DBH and up. Top merchantability will be 

 determined by large branches, deformity, 

 etc., but will never be less than ten inches 

 in diameter. 



(2) Pole stands: Only well-stocked, high 

 grade, pole stands free of fire damage, 

 spacing of desirable tree species, at least 

 twelve by twelve feet. 



d. Cut over or bare lands : This is a minimum 

 valuation class for each class timber. 



5. Evaluation: 



a. Cut over land: The cut over area of 

 Arkansas embraces most of the Ozark Region 

 and portions of the other three regions. The 

 value of this property varies greatly from one 

 region to another and few parcels within a 

 given area are of the same value. 



b. Cut over land has value deriving from con- 

 siderations other than forest reproduction. The 

 natural cover is usually a direct indication of 

 basic land capability and possible use, the cover 

 must be considered at all times. The reproduc- 

 tion, therefore, always is an integral part of the 

 consideration in determining value. 



c. There are many factors involved in estab- 

 lishing the value of any given parcel. Sales of 



cut over land in any area are comparatively 

 limited. Some sales do not fairly reflect market 

 value. 



d. The evaluation of cut over and forest land 

 for assessing purposes is accomplished in the 

 following manner : 



(1) Determine the type or class of land. 



(2) Determine the type and class of cover. 



(3) Determine the present utilization. 



(4) Establish land value by comparison 

 with similar properties of known value. 



(5) If timber is present in commercial 

 quantities they should be considered sepa- 

 rately and appropriate values should be 

 added to the parcel. 



e. Forest lands are appraised by the same 

 method as used for cut over land. The value of 

 the forest product is added to the basic value of 

 the land. The basic value of land will vary from 

 $2.50 per acre on the poorer soils to $20.00 per 

 acre on the more productive soils. This, of 

 course, is assuming that no other utilization 

 possibilities exist other than tree growth. The 

 most important step is the determination of the 

 amount of merchantable forest products on the 

 land. 



f . See Annex 5 for description of timber class 

 with basic valuation prices by region. 



6. Timber Cruising: 



a. Timber cruising is the art of estimating 

 the volume of stands of timber. It is essentially 

 a sampling process, either mechanical or ran- 

 dom. 



(1) By mechanical, it is meant that a sys- 

 tematic and orderly method will be used on 

 each parcel of land. 



(2) By random, it is meant that plots may 

 be taken through a stand entirely chosen 

 by some random process. 



b. It is recommended that a 10% line plot 

 cruise be made on each tract, using 1/5-acre 

 circular plots (52.66-foot radius for saw-tim- 

 ber) . For pulpwood, it is recommended that a 

 5% line plot cruise be made using 1/10-acre 

 circular plots (37.24-foot radius) using the 

 same plot centers as used for saw-timber. 



c. Annex 6 shows a line plot cruise plan of a 

 40-acre tract for 10% cruise using 1/5-acre 

 plots. 



d. Annex 7 is a method of random cruising. 



7. Photo Interpretation: 



a. Photo interpreting is the art of recogniz- 

 ing features on aerial photographs. In forestry 

 the interpreter must be able to distinguish pine 



